Volcano Disasters - TimeLines of Liberty

TimeLine of Disaster
Volcanoes

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Volcano Eruptions - 21st Century - 2000s
Page 2 - 2010 - 2011

Page 1 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005  -  2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009


Ancient Eruptions    -    1500-1600-1700s
19th Century - 1800s     -     20th Century - 1900s

Glossary
Categories: Deadliest - Most Powerful - VEI 7 - Climate Change - Decade Volcanoes - Vol. Events

Last updated March 10, 2010.

About Volcanoes - Volcano Safety - Volcano Legends

Hurricanes - Earthquakes

2010

2010
Columbia

Galeras
volcano
1 continuing

The Galeras volcano in southwest Colombia erupted on January 2nd. Ash was sent 39,370 feet into the air. The eruption activity is continuing. The Galeras is currently the most active volcano in Colombia.
See Volcano Events

2010
Congo

Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano

The most active volcano in Africa, Mount Nyamuragira in the Democratic Republic of Congo erupts early on January 2nd. Lava is spewed off from the southern flank of the mountain. A park warden mistook the blast for an explosion of war. Mount Nyamuragira has had more than 42 eruptions since 1865. Since 1980 the mountain has averaged one eruption every two years. No populated areas were threatened.
See Volcano Events

2010
Columbia

Nevado del Huila
volcano

On January 5th the Alert level for Nevado del Huila volcano in southwest Colombia is lowered to yellow. The volcano continues to produce whitish gas plumes and emit sulfur dioxide at various levels peaking at 4,130 tons per day on February 16th.
See Volcano Events

2010
Mexico

Popocatépetl

Popocatépetl volcano has been continously erupting since December 25th, 2005. Lava has been flowing from the crater and side vents.
See Volcano Events

2010
Chile

Gaua
Volcano

An eruption of Gaua Volcano on February 14th was part of an ongoing eruptive activity that began on September 16th, 2009, intensifying the eruption on January 16th.

2010
Papua New Guinea

Ulawan
Volcano

Ash from the Ulawun Volcano reach a height of 12,000 feet drifting 60 miles on February 14th and 15th. Due to the structural concerns about the volcano it continues to be one of the world's most studied and watched volcanoes considered probable to cause damages to property and life.
See Volcano Events

2010
Washington

Mount
Rainier
volcano

Mount Rainier has been inactive for some time but has been reported to rumble and put off steam on occassion. Due to the potential for devastation, Mount Rainier is being watched as a "Decade Volcano," one of 16 volcanoes most likely to cause damages to life and property. A major lahar would devatate Enumclaw, Orting, Auburn, Kent, and Renton. Such a mud flow could reach down the Duwamish estuary to destroy parts of downtown Seattle. Meteotsunamis in Puget Sound and Lake Washington could be generated by the mud flows.
See Decade Volcanoes
See Volcano Events

2010
Washington
1 Death

Mount
Saint Helens
volcano

On February 20th a hiker posed for a photo at the rim of Mount Saint Helens crater. The overhanging snow where he was standing gave way and he fell 1500 feet into the crater. Due to weather his body was not recovered until two days later. The mountain is relatively quiet at this time.
See Volcano Events

2010
Iceland

Eyjafjallajökull
volcano
multi-eruptions

A series of eruptions of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano began on March 21st with a "Curtain of Fire". On April 7th the Eyjafjöll volcano in Iceland erupted followed by an eruption on April 14th spewing smoke and steam causing the evacuation of 700 people. An ash plume rose 8km above the Eyjafjallajökull Glacier. Flooding closed roads and caused some structural damage.
The Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted on Sunday, April 18th sending an ash cloud that caused airlines in Canada and Europe to delay and/or cancell flights. Trips to the funeral of Poland's President Lech Kaczynski were cancelled by many world leaders due to the danger the ash poses to Jet engines. The restrictions cost the airline industry 200 million dollars each day. The Volcano and Glacier have also been called Eyjafjöll.
See Volcano Events

2010
Ecuador

Tungurahua volcano
*research

Tungurahua (The "Throat of Fire") Exploding throughout the night.

2010
Guatemala

Pacaya volcano
*research

2010
Costa Rica

Arenal
volcano
*research

2010
Indonesia

20 Volcanoes
Active

Beginning in August an increase in volcanic activity would be recorded in 20 of Indonesia's Volcanoes. That brought the total of the worlds active volcanoes with confirmed eruptions to 67.

2010
Indonesia
2 Deaths

Mount
Sinabung

Indonesia's, 400 year dormant volcano, Mount Sinabung is dormant no more, erupting on August 29th, 2010. A 6 hour eruption followed on August 30th sending out two ash plumes. One plume upwards with the other at about a 75 degree angle. Ash was sent over 6,000 feet into the sky. After the second eruption two people died, one of a heart attack and the other of respiratory complications.

2010
Indonesia

Anak Krakatau

Anak Krakatau began shooting lava at the end of October. Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) was birthed out of the Krakatau 1883 eruption, the most powerful eruption in recorded history.

2010
Russia

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano, at 15,584 feet is the tallest in Eurasia. It was one of two volcanoes on the Siberian Kamchatka peninsula in Russia to begin erupting on October 28th. The ash clouds reached as far as Alaska.

2010
Russia

Shiveluch

Shiveluch Volcano was one of two volcanos in Russia on the Siberian Kamchatka peninsula to begin erupting on October 28th. Ash plumes rose to 33,000 feet.

2010
Indonesia
38 Deaths

Mount Merapi
*research

Mount Merapi has erupted three times in 2010. One eruption was on October 31st, one week after the first eruption. These eruptions have killed 38 people.

2010
Indonesia
4 Deaths

Karangetang
*research

August

2010
Indonesia

Ibu
*research

More to be researched.

2011

2011
Italy

Mt. Etna

Following an increase in volcanic tremors Mt. Etna eruption activity increased on January 12th with lava overflowing the east rim of the crator. Ash emissions were observed on January 13th after a partial collapse of the cone.

See Volcano Events

Categories of Eruption
Deadliest - Most Powerful - VEI 7 - Climate Changes - Decade Volcanoes - Volcano Eruptions

Deadliest Eruptions

Eruptions causing the
most loss of Life

Deadliest Eruptions
The deadliest volcanic eruptions on record. Some were based upon ancient writings.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783, 1792, 1815, 1883, 2-1902, 1919 & 1985

Most Powerful

in Historical times

Most Powerful Eruptions
The Most Powerful volcanic eruptions in historical times (Since Jesus Christ) as determined by the Volcanic Explosivity Index.
Most Powerful AD: 79, 1628, 1792, 1815, 1883, 2-1902, 1980, 1985 & 1991

VEI - 7

4 most Powerful Eruptions known to man

VEI 7 Eruptions
Four Volcanic Eruptions were assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. Including those in ancient times that were determined by study of the geology around the volcano.
- VEI - 7: 4350bc, 4895bc, 1050 & 1815

Climate Changes

Eruptions that
Changed Climate

Climate Change Caused by an Eruption
Eruptions that had emitted large quantities of volcanic particles that were sent into the atmosphere and had made an effect on climatic patterns. Obviously there have been more. These are the ones with a recorded effect on weather.
Climate Changes: 1783-'84, 1815, 2-1980, 1982 & 1991

Decade Volcanoes

16 Most Watched

Volcanoes, Most

Likely To Cause

Damage To Life

And Property.

Decade Volcanoes

The following volcanoes are being studied and watched as the most likely to cause damages to life and property.

They have been selected as "Decade Volcanos" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).

Avachinsky-Koryaksky - Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia   33Kbc,
                                                     16Kbc, 5Kbc, 1737, 1779,
                                                    1945, 1991, 2001 & 2008 /
                                         - Koryaksky   - 1895, 1956 & 2008
Colima Volcano - Mexico   1560, 1585, 1611, 1711, 1769, 1818,
                                      1869, 1872, 1913, 1961, 1975, 1981,
                                      1987, 1991, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2002,
                                                                2004, 2005 & 2007
Mount Etna - Italy    1800bc, 396bc, 122bc, 40 AD, 1169, 1185,
                                               1669, 1693, 1865, 1928, 1986,
                                                                1992, 2001 & 2009
Galeras Volcano - Colombia     560kBC 1535, 1580, 1989, 1990,
                                               1993, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005,
                                                      2006, 2008, 2009 & 2010
Mauna Loa - Hawaii                                                         1984
Merapi Volcano - Indonesia        1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, 1930,
                                                       1994, 1998, 2006 & 2010
Niragongo Volcano - Democratic Republic of the Congo      1844,
                                                                   1977, 2002, 2009
Mount Rainier - Washington, USA        840Kbc, 500Kbc, 3000bc,
                                                                 1470, 1820 & 2010
Sakurajima Volcano - Japan                                  1946 & 2006
Santa Maria/Santiaguito Volcano - Guatemala                    1902
Santorini Volcano - Greece                                  1645bc, 1628
Taal Volcano - Philippines                                                 1911
Teide Volcano - Canary Islands, Spain                      1492, 2005
Ulawun Volcano - Papua New Guinea                                 1700
Unzen Volcano - Japan                                            1792, 1991
Vesuvius Volcano - Italy                                 79, 1631 & 1673

Multiple
Eruptions

Years
of a
Volcano's
Respective
Eruptions
/ Events.

Years
of a
Volcano's
Respective
Eruptions
/ Events.

Years
of a
Volcano's
Respective
Eruptions
/ Events.

Years
of a
Volcano's
Respective
Eruptions
/ Events.

Volcano Events - Volcano - Years of entries.

Avachinskaja 1991, 2001

Avachinsky 33Kbc, 16Kbc, 5Kbc, 1737, 1779, 1945, 1991, 2001 & 2008

Chaitén 7420bc, 2008 & 2009

Colima 1560, 1585, 1611, 1711, 1769, 1818, 1869, 1872, 1913, 1961, 1975, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005 & 2007

Cotopaxi 1737, 1744, 1877, 1904 & 1975

Mt. Etna 1800bc, 396bc, 122bc, 40 AD, 1169, 1185, 1669, 1693, 1865, 1928, 1986, 1992, 2001, 2009, 2010 & 2011 - Documented years.
For a more complete list of years erupted, see Mt. Etna, 1800 BC

Mount Fuji 8500bc & 1707

Eyjafjallajökull links 1821-23 & 2010

Galeras 560kBC, 1535, 1580, 1989, 1990, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009 & 2010

Gamkonora 1564, 1673, 1989 & 2007

Hekla 1104, 1766, 1980 & 1991

Kelut 1919 & 2007

Koryaksky 1895, 1956 & 2008

Mt. Mayon 1616, 1766, 1814, 1825, 1897, 1947, 1984, 1993, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2008 & 2009

Mt. Merapi 1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, 1930, 1994, 1998, 2006 & 2010

Montserrat 2002 & 2003

Nevado del Huila 1500s, 2007, 2008 & 2009

Nevado del Ruiz 1845 & 1985

Nyiragongo 1844, 1977, 2002, 2009

Mt. Nyamuragira 1865, 1921, 1938, 1971, 1986, 1989, & 2010

Pinatubo 33,000bc, 1991 & 1992.

Volcán Popocatépetl 730Kbc, 800ad, 1927, 1947, 1994, 2000 & 2005

Mount Rainier 840Kbc, 500Kbc, 3000bc, 1470, 1820 & 2010

Mt. Redoubt 1881, 1902, 1922, 1966, 1989 & 2009

Rincon de la Vieja 1851, 1995 & 1998

Mt. St. Helens 35000, 1480, 1800, 1831, 1842, 1980, 1989, 1990, 2004, 2005 & 2008

Sakurajima 1946 & 2006

Santorini 1645bc, 1628

Teide 1492, 2005

Ulawan 1700, 1878, 1915, 1970, 1980, 2008, 2009 & 2010

Unzen 1792, 1991

Vesuvius 79, 1631 & 1673

Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc, 220, 1080, 1525, 1750 & 1968

Yellowstone 2.2Mbc, 1.2Mbc, 600Kbc

Glossary of Volcanic Terms - simplistic definitions.

Andesite 1:a type of magma with silica content that has a medium consistency producing a chunky lava flow.
Andesite 2: The volcanic rock produced from the andesite magma.
Basalt 1: A type of magma with low silica content with a fluid consistency to produce smoth flowing lava flows.
Basalt 2: A dark colored rock produced from the Basalt magma. Often produces a red or black coloring.
Caldera: The large depression formed by a collapse during or after an eruption.
Cone: The build up of or pushed up rock and soil to form the mountain that houses the volcanic caldera and dome.
Debris avalanche: A sudden collapse of volcanic material that is loosened from the volcano slopes.
Dome: As Magma seeps from the volcano and cools it forms a dome.
Fissure: A large crack or opening in the ground allowing magma or gasses to flow or be ejected into the air.
Lahars: volcanic mud flows of water and volcanic material.
Lava: Magma that reaches earth's surface by flowing or being blown out into the air.
Magma: Molten material from inside the earth.
Meteotsunami: Large giant waves in a large body of water created from hurricanes, volcanic eruptions or landslides.
Plume: The cloud of volcanic ash or steam and gasses that are projected upward during an eruption.
Pyroclastic flow: a surface hugging cloud of extremely hot gases and volcanic particles that move quickly down and away from the mountain.
Rhyolite: Magma with a high silica content of light consitency forming pumice lava or obsidian.
Scoria: A frothy basaltic rock full of small gas bubbles often with a red or black color.
Silica: Silicon dioxide, the basic makeup of most volcanic rocks.
Viscosity: The consitency of the magma that allows the magma to flow. The greater the easier the flow.

TimeLines of Disaster
Volcano Eruptions - 21st Century - 2000s

Page 2 - 2010 - 2011

Page 1 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004
             - 2005  -  2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009

Ancient Eruptions    -    1500-1600-1700s
19th Century - 1800s     -     20th Century - 1900s

Glossary of Volcanic Terms
Chain-Links: Deadliest - Most Powerful - VEI 7 - Climate Change - Decade Volcanoes - Vol Eruptions

---------   TimeLines of Disaster   ---------
Hurricanes   -   Earthquakes - Tsunamis   -   Volcanoes

---------   Disaster Safety   ---------
Danger Safety   -   Hurricane Safety   -   Volcano Safety   -   Earthquake Safety   -   Tsunami Safety

-----   About the Disasters   -----
About Hurricanes   -   About Volcanoes   -   About Earthquakes   -   About Tsunamis

-------   Distaster Legends   -------
Hurricane Legends   -   Volcano Legends   -   Earthquake Legends   -   Tsunami Legends

Disaster Links

Index of Disaster

Volcano Index

Disaster Sources

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All rights reserved. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock

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