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 TimeLines of Liberty

One Votes Counts Political Firsts TimeLine Index State TimeLines Flag TimeLine
Presidency TimeLine American Wars The Early Presidents
United States of America - 17th & 18th Centuries
TimeLine  -  1600 & 1700s
 
1600 - 1799 1800 1900 2000
Last updated March, 2005.
Categories are general with over-lapping jurisdictions.
1619 Rights Twenty Africans are brought to Jamestown, Virginia, aboard a Dutch ship. They were the first blacks to be forcibly settled as involuntary laborers (slaves) in the North American British Colonies.
1641 Rights Massachusetts was the first colony to legalize slavery by statute.
1644 Rights 11 blacks petitioned the Council of New Netherlands for freedom in 1644. This is the first black legal protest in America.  They are freed by the Council because they had "served the Company 17 or 18 years" and had "long since been promised their freedom."
1671 Rights On October 20th it is decreed that Bachelors in New France are to marry only girls brought in from France.
1751 British Parliament passed the Currency Act which restricted any further issuance of paper currency by the Colonies and required all currency in circulation be retired.
1764 British - Parliament passed the Sugar Act that financed the British military presence in North America.
- Parliament passed the Currency Act that extended to all colonies, the 1751 act which applied only to the New England Colonies.
© Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
1764 Rights Maryland was the first state to try to discourage by law the marriage of white women to black men.
1765 British - The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act.  All legal documents, newspapers, advertisements, pamphlets, almanacs, and even playing cards were to be printed on stamped paper shipped from England.  Distributors were threatened and out of fear did not enforce the Stamp Act. Business in the colonies went on as usual.      
- Parliament passes the Quartering Act of 1765 which required civil authorities to supply lodging and supplies for British troops stationed in the colonies.
1765 Stamp
Act
C
ongress
The Stamp Act Congress in October of 1765 the first independent colonial conference where delegates from the British American Colonies assembled to discuss grievances against Parliament and actions to take concerning the Stamp Act.  They adopted a Declaration of Rights and wrote letters of petition to the King and both houses of Parliament.
1766 British - The Parliament repeals the Stamp Act and removes some of the stringent measures of the Sugar Act.  Boycotts of British goods by the colonies facilitated the repeal.
- The Parliament passes the Declaratory Act spelling out the authority of Parliament to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."
©
1767 British - The Parliament passed the Townshend Acts that  levied duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea. They also established provisions to ensure strict enforcement of the Act.
- The Parliament passes the New York Suspending Act.       
1767 Lit. The "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies" by John Dickinson were were published throughout the colonies beginning in November and extending into January.
1768 Lit. The Samuel Adams writes the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sends it to the speaker of the other 12 House of Representatives. He declares the Townshend Revenue Act is unconstitutional, and encourages the other legislatures to join together in a protest to King George.
1768 British The British Secretary of State for the colonies responds to the Massachusetts Circular Letter by sending his own ordering the assemblies dissolved should they respond favorably.  His letter was defiantly ignored.
1770 British - All provisions, except for the duty on tea, of the Townshend Act are repealed, 
- Five colonists are killed, and six more wounded when panicked British began shooting into a crowd. The incident becomes known as the Boston Massacre. Crispus Attucks, an escaped Black slave, was among the five victims.
1772 Protest Off the coast of Rhode Island the British ship Gaspee is set on fire by an angry colonial mob.
1772 British The Royal governor and Massachusetts Judges announce that they will be paid by the crown rather than the colonists. It was becoming clear to the colonist that the executive and judiciary were being removed from the influence of the people and placed under the thumb of the crown.
1772 Lit. The "Rights of the Colonists," by Samuel Adams and "List of Infringements and Violations of Rights." by Dr. Joseph Warren are produced when the first Committee of Correspondence is formed in Boston. 
1773 Pres. William Henry Harrison was born at Berkley. Harrison served as the 9th U.S. President for 31 days before he died of pneumonia. He died on April 4, 1841, the first President to die in office. 
1773 British - The supremacy of Parliament is argued before the General Court by Massachusetts' Governor Thomas Hutchinson. 
- The East India Company is granted a majority share of the tea trade in the colonies with the passage of the Tea Act.
1773 Protest The Boston Tea Party is organized by Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Adams leads a group of men disguised as Mohawk Indians in dumping 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor.
1774 British - Attempting punishment for the Tea Party and regain control, the British Parliament passes the five Coercive Acts.
- King George III declares a policy of intractable opposition to claims of the colonialists.
1774 Lit James Wilson's "Considerations on the Authority of Parliament" and other important publications appear in print, advancing the argument against Parliamentary authority.
1774 Protest



First
Cont.
C
ongress
- The First Continental Congress is held, representation is sent by all of the colonies except Georgia. 
- President of the First Continental Congress was Payton Randolph
- The First Continental Congress was mostly in response to the "Intolerable Acts" (Punitive laws passed by Parliament in response to the growing unrest in the colonies).
- The Continental Congress passes the Suffolk Resolves that declared the Coercive Acts unconstitutional and favored economic sanctions against Great Britain.
- The Declaration and Resolves are approved by the Continental Congress.
- The Articles of Association were drawn up as a pact among twelve colonies to boycott British goods and cease exports to Britain if the "Acts" were not repealed.
- The First Continental Congress lasted from only September 5, 1774 to October 26, 1774.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1775 British A state of rebellion in the colonies is declared by the British Parliament. 
1775 History The famous "Give me liberty or or give me death" speech is delivered to the Virginia House of Burgesses by Patrick Henry.
1775 War - As the British prepared to march on Concord Paul Revere takes the famous ride to alert John Hancock and Samuel Adams in Lexington and to homes along the way, that the "British are coming."
- 70 colonial minutemen assemble on the Lexington Green, Captain John Parker orders, "Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon. But if they mean to have a war, let it begin here!" The British arrive and one shot, fired against orders, begins the Revolutionary War.  
- In the initial skirmishes free blacks fight with the minutemen at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.
- The British failing at Concord returned to Boston losing 273 soldiers along the way. News of Lexington and Concord spread throughout the colonies and militia members poured into Massachusetts and bottle up the British in Boston (The Boston Siege).
- Ethan Allen seized control of Fort Ticonderoga, in what today is Vermont.
- George Washington of Virginia is chosen, by the 2nd Continental Congress, over President John Hancock to head the Continental forces.  Militia forces around Boston are placed under control of the Congress.
- The Battle of Bunker Hill was victorious for the British although they suffered heavy casualies. Peter Salem and Salem Poor were two blacks commended for their service fighting with the continental army at Bunker Hill.
- Continental Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition in an appeal to the King who refuses to read the document. King George III declares the colonies to be in a state of rebellion. It becomes treason for anyone in Britain to aid the Colonies. Later all trade with the colonies is forbidden and the seizure of American ships is ordered.   
1775 Gov. Second Continental Congresses convenes in Philadelphia. John Hancock is selected President. The members resolve to answer force with force.    
See: Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1775  Rights - In 1775 General George Washington issues an order that forbids the recruitment of Blacks. It was later rescinded. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
- The first Abolition Society in the United States is founded in Pennsylvania.
- Black Slaves show little interest in an offer to fight for Britain in exchange for their freedom. 
1776 Lit - The "Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith, lays out the base of capitalism as learned by the American revolutionaries through their "system of natural liberty," (Adam Smith) an economy of free trade and open markets. It becomes one of the most influential books in history.
- Englishman Thomas Paine publishes "Common Sense."  Thomas Paine became one of the greatest advocates of freedom.
-
John Adams' "Thoughts on Government" lays out many principles that help formulate many state and the U.S. Constitutions.
1776 Gov. -The Continental Congress recommend that states form new governments.  Virginia delegates propose that each colony declare independence from England..
Known as the Lee Resolution, Richard Henry Lee introduces a formal resolution to declare independence. As some states deliberate the Declaration of Independence is drafted and later submitted to the Congress.
- On July 4th the "Declaration of Independence" is approved by the Second Continental Congress. Only President John Hancock and Secretary of the Congress Charles Thompson,  sign the drafts on this day, then they are sent to the various state assemblies.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1776 War - The British overtake and occupy New York City. George Washington retreated to save men to fight another day.
- Upon Washington's second request for volunteers for an intelligence mission behind enemy lines only Nathan Hale steps forward. Young Nathan Hale is caught and executed. From the gallows with calm courage Hale proclaims, "I only regret, that I have but one life to lose for my country."
- With the scant remnant of an army Washington crossed the Delaware River in a desperate, surprise and successful attack on Trenton. This victory gave new vigor to the rebel's resolve.
1777  Rights George Washington changes policy to allow the recruitment of blacks as soldiers. During the Revolutionary War over 5,000 blacks fought for American Independence.
1777 War - Washington looses the Battle of Germantown in Pennsylvania,  He retreats with his army takes up winter quarters at Valley Forge.
- General Burgoyne and his army of 5,700 surrendered, at the Battle of Saratoga, to General Benedict Arnold and General Daniel Morgan leading forces that had climbed to 20,000. 
- Benjamin Franklin in France appealing to the French for an alliance proved the American resolve when word came of the victory of the Battle of Saratoga. Britain presented an offer shy of independence that caused France, early in 1778, to recognize American Independence to avoid reconciliation between the Colonies and Great Britain.  Such was a ploy by Franklin as America had no intention to accept Britain's offer.
1777 Gov. The Articles of Confederation are completed and adopted by Congress.  Ratification by each state was not obtained until 1781. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1777 Rights Vermont is the first state to abolish slavery.  
1778 War - France enters into treaties with the United States providing mutual protection of commercial vessels and military help to suppress Britain's offence.
- Captain John Paul Jones attempts an aborted raid on the English seaport of Whitehaven. The raid only partially carried out caused concern about Britain's readiness and sent waves of shock through England's public opinion of the war.
1778 Rights The first Treaty is made with the Delaware Indians by the Continental Congress.
1779 War - British troops focus on the South pressing into the interior of Georgia and South Carolina.
- Spain, still refusing to recognize American independence, declares war on Britain.
1780 War - Although defeat was imminent General Benjamin Lincoln with 5,200 troops hold off the British for over a month until surrendering.  A military lesson is learned that troops are more important than the defense of cities for the troops must retreat to fight another day.
- American hero Benedict Arnold is discovered to have been spying for Britain.  He flees to British controlled New York, is commissioned and leads Britain troops against his homeland.
- British General Cornwallis having pushed into North Carolina retreats to South Carolina.
- Holland declares siding with the newly formed United States of America.
1781 Gov. Ratification and adoption of the Articles of Confederation by each state is completed.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1781 War General George Washington abandons New York and heads south to battle British General Cornwallis at Yorktown. French Admiral de Grasse lands 3000 troops on land and defeats 19 British ships arriving to support Cornwallis.  More French ships arrive and Cornwallis is bottled up in Yorktown. Cornwallis surrenders dashing Britain's hope of winning the war.
1782 War - In England a measure allowing peace negotiations with the colonies is passed by Parliament.
- The British government agrees to recognize the independence of the United States. An outline of peace terms is drawn up between the Americans and the British. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams sign the preliminary agreement.
(
1783 Rights The Massachusetts Supreme Court rules slavery unconstitutional based upon wording in the newly adopted state constitution, "All men are born free and equal."
1783 War - The Treaty of Paris officially ends the Revolutionary War. British troops leave New York City.
- George Washington disbands the Continental Army and sends a "Circular Letter" to all the states advising of his concerns for the new nation.    
1784 Lit. Noah Webster wrote the American Spelling Book that teaches to spell as well as read using the "Alphabet Method" (Phonics?). He believed an enlightened citizenry creates national character.
1785 Gov. - John Adams is named by Congress to be the ambassador to the Court of St. James, England.
- Henry Knox is chosen to be Secretary of War.
- Thomas Jefferson was appointed the Ambassador to France.
- Writing to his daughter
Benjamin expresses disappointment, preferring the turkey rather than the eagle as a United States symbol.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1786 Gov. - Jefferson's historic Bill for Religious Freedom passes in the Virginia House of Burgesses.
- The Annapolis Convention begins with the goal of proposing uniform regulations of commerce.
1786 Rights Shays' Rebellion begins in Massachusetts, and spreads concern, but forcibly demonstrated  dangers in which the new nation was vulnerable due to her weak national government..
1787 Gov. - A Constitutional Convention is held in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation.
- A proposed Constitution is approved by the Constitutional Convention and sent to Congress.
Congress passes approval of the Constitution and send it on to the states.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1787 State - Delaware, by unanimous vote, is the first state to ratify the Constitution.  Doing so makes Delaware the first state of the Union. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
-
Pennsylvania's ratifying convention, after much debate, approves the Constitution entering the Union as the 2nd state.
- New Jersey becomes the 3rd state by ratifying the Constitution, by unanimous vote.
1787  Rights - Congress passed The Northwest Ordinance that extended "the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty" into the new territories. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
- The African Society is organized.
- The proposed Constitution of the United States allows that male slaves count as three-fifths of a man in determining representation in the House of Representatives..
1787 Lit. The first Federalist Paper appear in the New York press to inform the public of the background reasoning and justification for ratification.
1788 State - Georgia ratifies by unanimous vote to become the 4th state of the United States of America.
- Connecticut ratifies the Constitution by an overwhelming vote of 128 - 40 becoming the 5th state of the U.S.
- Massachusetts ratifies the Constitution by a close vote: 187-168 to become the 6th state of the Union.
-
Rhode Island, the only state to have not sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention puts to the people a referendum to ratify that fails 2708 to 237.    
- Maryland becomes the 7th state when the Constitution is ratified by a vote of 63-11.
- South Carolina legislature ratifies the Constitution by a vote of 149-73 to become the 8th state.
- The President of Congress announces that the Constitution has been ratified by the nine states required,. when New Hampshire ratifies it by 57 to 47 to become the 9th State.
- Virginia ratifies by a vote of 89-79 to become the 10th state into the Union.
- New York Becomes the 11th state when it ratifies the Constitution by a vote of 30-27.
- North Carolina refuses to ratify the Constitution unless a Bill of Rights is added to the Constitution.
1788 Gov. - Under the authority of the new U. S. Constitution the first elections of senators and representatives are held. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
- The last official business is conducted in October, ending the Congress of the Confederation.
1789 Pres. George Washington is elected President of the United States of America.
See:
Timeline of the Early American Presidents
1789 Gov. - The first session of the United States Congress convenes in March, in New York.
- Twelve Constitutional amendments are sent, by Congress, to the states for consideration.
1789 State North Carolina ratifies the U.S. Constitution on November 21, 1789, becoming the 12th state of the Union.
1789 Lit.  "The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth" is the first American novel; printed in Boston, Massachusetts.
1790 State Rhode Island becomes the last of the original 13 states to ratify the U. S. Constitution on May 29.
1791 State Vermont ratifies the Constitution to become the 14th state of the Union, the first after the 13 original States.
1791 Rights Virginia legislature ratifies the Bill of Rights, adding it to the Constitution.
1792 State Kentucky is the 15th state admitted to the Union, the first state to be carved from the great western wilderness. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
1793 Pres. George Washington begins his second term as President of the United States of America.
1793 Rights The first Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U. S. Congress. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock 
1796 State Tennessee is the 16th state admitted to the Union on June 1.
1797 Pres. John Adams is the 2nd President of the United States of America and serves from 1797 to 1801. 
© Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock www.PoetPatriot.com 

Index   

Sources
1600 - 1799 1800 1900 2000
One Votes Counts Political Firsts TimeLine Index State TimeLines Flag TimeLine
Presidency TimeLine American Wars The Early Presidents

All rights reserved. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock


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