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TimeLine of Disaster
Volcanoes |
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Hurricanes
- Volcano Eruptions -
Earthquakes |
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Last updated March 10, 2010. |
Ancient Events - 1700s
- 1800s - 1900s
21st. Century -
2000 - 2001
- 2002 -
2003
2004 - 2005 - 2006
- 2007 -
2008 - 2009 -
2010
About Volcanoes
- Volcano
Safety -
Volcano
Legends
Glossary
Chain-Links:
Deadliest -
Most Powerful -
VEI 7 - Climate Change -
Decade Volcanoes -
Vol
Eruptions |
260
Million
BC
China |
Ancient
Eruption |
Scientists have
made calculations that a large magnitude eruption occurred in
southwest China. Studying the geology around a volcano
scientists presume to assign a date. Paleontologist Paul Wignall
of the University of Leeds used marine fossils and other
collected data from the area to date a layer of igneous rock to
a huge eruption 260 years ago. He believes this eruption caused
the mid-Permian extiction of many species all over the earth. |
251 Million
BC |
Ancient
Eruption |
Scientists believe
an expremely large eruption occurred 251 million years. Referred
to as the 'great dying' 96% of marine species were killed. This
eruption is believed to be greater than |
93
Million
BC
Under Sea |
Ancient Undersea
Eruptions |
A scientific study
makes a presumptive conclusion that around 93 million years ago
shifting tectonic plates caused a series of undersea eruptions.
These eruptions emitted large clouds of ash and gasses choking
off the oxygen supply in the oceans. The assumption is also made
that algae, clams, and other sea-life died sinking to the ocean
floor to assist in the creation of the oil deposits that are
harvested to fuel our civilization today. |
12
Million
BC
Idaho, USA |
Ancient
Eruptions |
12 million years
ago a blanket of ash was dropped over a large part of the
Western United States that had been blasted from a volcano in
Idaho. It is this eruption that scientists believe caused the
extinction of many species in North America; among the extinct
were ancient camels, three toed horses and barrel-bellied
rhinos. Fosils of these extinct species have been uncovered at
Ashfall National Park in Nebraska. The archeologists have
determined some died instantly while others slowly suffocated as
their lungs filled with ash. |
2.2 Million
BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruptions |
Scientists have made educated guesses that
Yellowstone has had at least three major eruptions.
A gigantic exploding eruption 2.2 million years ago produced 2500 cubic
kilometers of ash and began forming a caldera. That's 2500 time that of the 1980 ash
eruption of Mount Saint Helens.
Yellowstone links 2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc, 600Kbc |
1.2 Million
BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruption |
An eruption of Yellowstone
that occured 1.2 million years ago blasted out 280 cubic
kilometers of ash.
Yellowstone 2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc, 600Kbc |
840,000 BC
Washington
Decade
Volcano |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The earliest known
lava beds of Mount Rainier are calulated to be from 840,000
years ago. Those earlier lavas helped to form an ancient
"proto-Rainier" (ancestral cone) that existed prior to the cone
that exists today.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Mount Rainier links 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
|
600,000 BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruption |
The eruption of Yellowstone
600,000 years ago spewed 3.2 million cubic feet of ash.
Yellowstone 2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc, 600Kbc |
560,000
BC
Columbia
Decade
Volcano |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia is believed to have been active
for over one million years. Two major caldera-forming events are
thought to have taken place. The first major eruption was
560,000 years ago ejecting some 15 cubic Kilometres of material;
and the second between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago, emitting 2
cubit kilometres of material. Radiocarbon dating places events
at 7050 BC ± 1000 years, 3150 BC ± 200
years, 2580 BC ± 500 years, 1160 BC ± 300 years, 490 BC ± 100
years, and 890 AD ± 200 years.
The Galeras volcano is known to have erupted in the following
years: 1535,
1580, 1616, 1670-1736, 1754-56, 1796-1801, 1823, 1828-34, 1836,
1865-70, 1889, 1891, 1923, 1924-27, 1930?, 1932, 1933?, 1936,
1947?, 1950, 1973?, 1974-1983, 1989, 1990-1992, 1993, 2000,
2002, 2004-2006, 2008-2010
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Galeras links 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
500,000 BC
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The current cone
of Mount Rainier has been calculated to be 500,000 years old.
About that time a great explosive eruption destroyed the
mountain cone and began the building of a new cone; the highly
eroded cone we see today.
Mount Rainier 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
71,000 BC ±
?k Deaths
Indonesia |
Toba
Supereruption |
The Toba supereruption at
Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia occured between 69,000 and
77,000 years ago. 10 million cubic feet of debris was spewed
out. It is the 2nd most powerful eruption discovered by man. Theory
presents that the event caused a 6 to 10 year
volcanic winter that reduced the world's population to between
1000 breeding pairs and 10,000 people. An 8.5 est. quake was
generated by the eruption. |
35,000
BC
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
Mount Saint Helens is believed to have began its volcanic
building 37,000 years ago.
Mt. St. Helens entries 35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
33,000 BC
Philippeans |
Pinatubo
volcano |
Scientists say the largest eruption of Pinatubo
in the Philippines was 35000 years ago.
Pinatubo links 33,000bc,
1991 &
1992. |
33,000
BC
Russia
Decade
Volcano |
Avachinsky
volcano |
The Avachinsky
volcano is in Russia on the Kamchatka Peninsula and is one of
the area's most active volcanoes. 30 to 40 thousand years ago an
eruption caused a major avalanche leaving it with a
horseshoe-shaped caldera open to the southwest. It is also known
as Avachinskaya Sopka. The Avachinsky volcano is known to have
erupted i the following years 1737, 1779, 1789, 1827, 1828,
1837, 1851, 1854, 1855, 1878, 1881, 1894-95, 1901, 1909,
1926-27, 1938, 1945, 1991, 2001, 2008-
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Avachinsky links 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
16,000
BC
Russia |
Avachinsky
volcano |
18,000 years ago
the Avachinsky volcano erupted with an explosion, pyroclastic
flows and lahars, and emitting short lava flows. This activity
helped to rebuild the caldera that was made into a
horseshoe-shape 17,000 years before.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
|
8500 BC |
Fuji
volcano |
Geologists date Mount
Fuji back to about 8500 BC. Mount Fuji is Fujiyama; both
are english terms. 'Yama' is japanese for mountain, however the
Japanese do not usually put the two together. The Japanese call
Mount Fuju 'Fujisan'. 'San' designates mountain, not to be
confused with the male designation of 'san'.
Mount Fuji 8500bc &
1707 |
7420 BC
Chile |
Chaitén
volcano |
Radiocarbon dating of
material from an older eruption of the Chaitén volcano in Chile
indicates the last previous eruption was in 7420 BC, according
to information from the Global Volcanism Program.
Chaitén
links
7420bc,
2008 & 2009 |
5000
BC
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
Arenal volcano in
Costa Rica is formed about 7,000 years ago.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
5,000
BC
Russia
|
Avachinsky
volcano |
7,000 years ago
the Avachinsky volcano erupted with an explosion, pyroclastic
flows and lahars, and emitting short lava flows. This eruption
continued rebuilding of the caldera that began 11,000 years
prior.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
4895
BC
Oregon
VEI - 7 |
Crater Lake
volcano |
Crater Lake in
Oregon erupted in about 4895 BC. The Crater Lake volcanic
eruption 6900 years ago is one of four eruptions in the past
10,000 years to have been assigned a Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
- VEI - 7: 4350bc,
4895bc, 1050,
1815 |
4350
BC
Japan
VEI - 7 |
Kikai
volcano |
Kikai volcano
in Japan
erupted in about 4350 BC. That eruption of Kikai volcano is one
of four eruptions in the past 10,000 years to have been assigned
a Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
- VEI - 7: 4350bc,
4895bc, 1050,
1815 |
3,000 BC
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
Mount Rainier was
substantially larger, at 16,000 feet, than the 14,100 foot
height of today. A major eruption about 5,000 years ago caused a
melting of glacier ice causing massive lahars that reached all
the way to Puget Sound. In one eruption about that time a chuck
of the mountain slid lowering its height and creating the
massive Osceola Mudflow that reached from south Seattle to the
Tacoma Tide Flats. The author lives about half way between the
two cities.
Mount Rainier 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
1800s
BC
Italy
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
The first record of an eruption of Mount Etna
in Italy was
in the 19th century BC. Mount Etna erupted in the following
years: 2006-09, 2004-05, 2002-03, 1994-2001, 1993, 1993,
1991-93, 1990-92, 1989-90, 1989, 1988-89, 1987, 1986-87,
1984-86, 1984, 1983, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1980, 1980, 1979-92,
1971-79, 1966-71, 1959-64, 1959, 1958, 1957-58, 1957, 1955-56,
1953?, 1951-52, 1950-51, 1949-50, 1947, 1947, 1946, 1945,
1942-44, 1942, 1940-42, 1935-39, 1934, 1931-33, 1930, 1929,
1928, 1928, 1926, 1924-25, 1923-24, 1923, 1919-23, 1918, 1918,
1917, 1913-17, 1912, 1911, 1911, 1910-11, 1910, 1908-09, 1908,
1899-1907, 1899, 1893-98, 1892, 1892, 1891, 1886, 1884-85, 1883,
1879, 1878-83, 1874, 1874, 1869, 1868, 1865, 1864, 1863, 1857,
1852-53, 1843, 1842, 1838-39, 1833, 1832, 1828-32, 1827, 1822,
1819, 1816?, 1811-12, 1810, 1809, 1803-09, 1802, 1797-1801,
1792-93, 1792, 1791, 1787, 1781, 1780, 1776, 1770?, 1767, 1766,
1764-65, 1763, 1763, 1758-59, 1755, 1752-58, 1747-49, 1744-45,
1735-36, 1732-33, 1723-24, 1702, 1693-94, 1693?, 1689, 1688,
1682, 1669, 1654-56?, 1651-53, 1646-47, 1643, 1634-38, 1633?,
1614-24, 1610, 1603-10, 1595?, 1579-80?, 1566, 1554?, 1541,
1540, 1537, 1536, 1494?, 1447, 1446, 1444, 1408, 1381?, 1350,
1333, 1329, 1329, 1284-85, 1250, 1222, 1194, 1169?, 1164, 1160,
1157, 1063, 1044?, 1004?, 911?, 859?, 814?, 812?, 644?, 417?,
252?, 80?, 39, 10, 10 BC, 32 BC, 36 BC, 44 BC, 49 BC, 56 BC, 61
BC, 122 BC, 126 BC, 135 BC, 141 BC, 350 BC, 396 BC?, 425-24 BC?
479-76 BC?, 565 BC?, 695, 735 BC?, 1500 BC.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Mt. Etna links 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc,
40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
1645 BC
Italy |
Santorini
volcano |
The Santorini
volcano erupted in 1645 BC, 3655 years ago. The Minoan town of
Akrotiri killed all the people leaving the buildings, artwork,
and winding roads preserved. Some scientist conjecture that some
of the early myths may have been inspired by this eruption. One
such myth is Plato's tale of the lost city, Atlantis.
Epidemoligist John Marr has hypothised the 'ten plagues of
Egypt' in the Bible may have been inspired by the disaster
caused by the volcano's fallout poisoning the water supplies.
Santorini links 1645bc,
1628 |
900.BC
+150
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan Arenal
in Costa Rica erupted within 150 years of 900 BC.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
396 BC
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna erupted
in 396 BC causing the Carthaginians to abandon an advance on
Syracuse during the First Sicilian War.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
122 BC
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna erupted
in 122 BC dumping massive amounts of ash collapsing roofs in
Catania. To help in the rebuilding the Roman government gave a
ten year exemption of taxes for the citizens of Catania. Roman
records chronicle the event saying a large eruption caused heavy
lapilli fall in Catania and the sun was blocked for days.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
BC & AD Demarcation
- Before
Christ &
Anno
Domini (Latin: 'Year
of our Lord' for the current era) |
40 AD
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna erupted
in 40 AD destroying Catania.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
79 AD
Italy
7th Deadly
10k Deaths
1st Record
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Vesuvius
VEI 5 -
6th
Most Powerful |
Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted
on August 24th, 79 AD burying
the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The first recorded
eruption; Plinius (Pliny?) the Older one had
observed the eruption and wrote down all the aspects in detail.
Estimates are that 3,360 to 10,000 people perished in the flows and falls of ash. This
eruption of Mount Vesuvius was the 7th deadliest and 6th most powerful eruption in
historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5 with 7
being the most powerful of known eruptions. Other recorded
eruptions of Mount Vesuvius are 1631, 1660, 1682, 1694, 1698, 1707,
1737, 1760, 1767, 1779, 1794, 1822, 1834, 1839, 1850, 1855,
1861, 1868, 1872, 1906, 1926, 1929, and 1944.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Vesuvius links 79,
1631 & 1673 |
220.AD
+75
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan Arenal erupted within 75 years of 220.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
260 AD
El Salvador |
Ilopango
Calderon
volcano |
The
Ilopango Caldera is east of San Salvador in El Salvador. The
last real activity was around 260 AD. No present activity is
evident other than the local fishermen occasionally finding
large numbers of fish dying, accompanied by a sulfur smell. |
1006
Indonesia
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted with
destruction so bad the governing Hindu kingdom was destroyed
allowing the Muslim take-over of the island.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Mt.Merapi links 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
1050
China -
Korea
VEI - 7 |
Baitoushan
volcano |
Baitoushan volcano on the China-Korea border
erupted in about 1050. The eruption in 1050 of the Baitoushan
volcano is one of four eruptions in the past 10,000 years to
have been assigned a Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
- VEI - 7: 4350bc,
4895bc, 1050,
1815 |
1080.+50
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
Costa Rica's
Volcan Arenal erupted approximately in the late
1000s.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
1104
Iceland |
Mount
Hekla
Volcano |
Mount Hekla has
had many eruptions with the first known to have been in 1104.
Hekla erupted covering much of its flanks and was the largest
eruption in Iceland's recorded history.
Hekla 1104,
1766, 1980 &
1991 |
1169
Italy
6th Deadly
15k Deaths |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna in
Italy erupts killing 15,000 people in one of
the most disastrous eruptions. This eruption of Mount Etna is
the 6th deadliest eruption in recorded History.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
1185
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
An 1185 eruption of Mount
Etna killed 10,000 people.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
1470+10
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
An eruption of
Mount Rainier about 540 years ago caused the Electron Mudflow;
large but not as massive as the Osceola Mudflow.
Mount Rainier 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
1480+30
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
Geological caculations has it that Saint Helens ended a 700 year
period of dormancy in 1480 with an eruption of pumice and ash
that was several times greater than the 1980 eruption. Another
eruption in 1482 rivaled the 1980 eruption when Ash and pumice
piled up 3 feet for 6 miles. The next 150 year period had
various forms of volcanic activity that ended about 1647
allowing a 150 year quiet that ended with the 1800 eruption.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
1492
Spain
Decade
Volcano |
Teide
Volcano |
Spain's Teide
Volcano stands 24,600 feet from its base as the highest peak
inthe Atlantic Ocean. The volcano's history has affected
populated areas. A Teid eruption was observed in 1492 by
Christopher Columbus in the Canary Islands prior to the first
voyage to discover the New World. Teide has erupted in the
following years: 1341?, 1396, 1430, 1444?, 1492, 1704-05, 1706,
1798 & 1909
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Teide links 1492,
2005 |
|
1500s |
1500s
Columbia |
Nevado del Huila
volcano |
The Nevado del
Huila volcano in southwest Colombia has its first doccumented
eruption during the 1500s.
Nevado del Huila links 1500s,
2007,
2008, 2009
& 2010 |
1525.+20
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan Arenal
in Costa Rica erupts approximately in 1525.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
1535
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The first known
erupton of the Galeras volcano in southwest Colombia among the
Andes Mountains was in 1535. It is believed the Galeras volcano
has been active for more than one million years.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
1560
Mexico
Decade
Volcano |
Colima
Volcano |
The first recorded
eruption of Mexico's Colima volcano also known as "Fire Volcano."
was in 1560. It has erupted with violent activity dozens of
times since 1560. Colima eruptions were recorded in the
following years. 1560, 1576, 1585, 1590, 1606, 1611-13, 1622,
1690, 1743, 1749, 1770, 1771, 1795, 1804, 1806-09, 1818, 1819,
1866-68, 1869, 1870-71, 1872-73, 1874, 1875-78, 1879-80, 1881,
1882-84, 1885-86, 1889-90, 1890, 1891-92, 1893-1902, 1903,
1904-06, 1908-09, 1913-31, 1941?, 1957-59, 1960-62, 1963-64,
1965-70, 1973?, 1975-76, 1977-82, 1983?, 1985-86, 1987, 1988-90,
1991, 1994, 1998-2008
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Colima links 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
1564
Indonesia
|
Mount
Gamkonora
volcano |
The earliest known
eruption of Mount Gamkonora, on Halmahera Island in Indonesia,
was in 1564.
Gamkonora entries 1564, 1673,
1989 & 2007 |
1580
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The first Recorded
erupton of the Galeras volcano in southwest Colombia among the
Andes Mountains was on December 7, 1535.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
1585
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
The Colima volcano
erupted on January 10th, 1585. Strong seismic quakes were felt
and the ash fall covered the fields causing the death of many
cattle. Reports say the eruption totally blocked out the sun by
the ash that was distributed as far as 136 miles away.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1600s |
1611
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
The Colima volcano
erupted on April 15th and October 29th with large explosions and
hugh quantities of scoria, sand, and ash.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
1616
Philippeans |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
The Mount Mayon volcano in
the Philippeans has its first recorded eruption in 1616.
Mt. Mayon links 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
1628
Greece
700 Deaths
Decade
Volcano |
Santorini
volcano
VEI 6 - 2nd
Most Powerful |
The Santorini
volcano in Greece had a powerful explosion in 1628. 700 people
were killed. This was the 2nd most powerful eruption in
historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6.
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Santorini 1645bc,
1628 |
1631
Italy
3.5k Deaths |
Mount
Vesuvius
volcano |
An eruption of Mount
Vesuvius in Italy ocurred in December, 1631. The eruption
destroyed villages killing 3,500 people.
Vesuvius 79,
1631 & 1673 |
1640
Indonesia
700 Deaths |
Mount
Kimagatake
volcano
meteotsunami |
An eruption of Mount
Kimagatake in Japan in 1640 created a tsunami that killed 700
people. |
1669
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
In April Mount
Etna began its largest and most destructive eruption. Nicolosi
was destroyed by a quake the fields above the town became a lake
of lava. The lava flow was slowed by Monpilieri hill. The flow
split into three branches with the main branch reaching Catania.
The lava flowed the first 13 miles moving an average of 162 feet
per hour with the next two miles creeping at 2 feet per hour.
The lava spilled over a 60 foot wall into Catania.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
1673
Italy
3.5k Deaths
|
Mount
Vesuvius
volcano |
Mount Vesuvius erupted in
1673 killing 3,500 people in its mud and lava flows.
Vesuvius 79,
1631 & 1673 |
1673
Indonesia
|
Mount
Gamkonora
volcano |
The largest
eruption of Mount Gamkonora, on Halmahera Island in Indonesia,
was in 1673. The eruption and a tsunami cause much destruction
in nearby villages.
Gamkonora 1564, 1673,
1989 & 2007 |
1693
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
A 1693 eruption and
earthquake of Mount Etna nearly destroyed Catania.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
1700s |
|
1700 |
1700
Papua New Guinea
Decade
Volcano
|
Ulawan
Volcano |
The Ulawu Volcano
is one of the more active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea. Its
first recorded eruption was in 1700
The Ulawun Volcano has erupted in the following years: 2010,
2000-08, 1994, 1993, 1989, 1985, 1984-85, 1984, 1983-84, 1980,
1978, 1973, 1970, 1967, 1963, 1960-62, 1958, 1951?, 1941, 1937?,
1927, 1919, 1918, 1915, 1898, 1878, 1700.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Ulawan links 1700,
1878, 1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
|
1707 |
1707
Japan
|
Mount
Fuji
volcano |
Mount Fuji last erupted in
1707 lasting into 1708.
Mount Fuji 8500bc &
1707 |
|
1711 |
1711
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
In 1711 the
Colima volcano erupted for three days dumping ash 75 miles away
on the city of Guadalahara. Day was turned to night.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1737 |
1737
Russia
|
Avachinsky
volcano
tsunami |
The Avachinsky
volcano in Russia had an explosive eruption that quaked the
earth generating a tsunami.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
|
1738 |
1738
Ecuador |
Cotopaxi
volcano |
Cotopaxi
near Quito in central Ecuador among the Andes Mountains has
erupted 50 or so times since 1738.
Cotopaxi links 1737, 1744,
1877, 1904 &
1975 |
|
1741 |
1741
Japan
1.4k Deaths |
Mount Oshima
volcano
meteotsunami |
Japan's Mount Oshima
erupted creating a meteotsunami that killed 1,475 people. |
|
1744 |
1744
Ecuador |
Cotopaxi
volcano |
Cotopaxi
in central Ecuador among the Andes Mountains erupted in 1744
with an explosion so loud it was heard over 500 miles away in
Honda, Colombia.
Cotopaxi 1737, 1744,
1877, 1904 &
1975 |
|
1750 |
1750 +50
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan Arenal volcano erupted in the 1700s
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
|
1766 |
1766
Iceland |
Hekla
volcano |
The most disastrous eruption of Hekla volcano in
Iceland was in 1766. Its cone is surmounted by a cap of ice and
it is the most active of the Icelandic volcanoes.
Hekla 1104,
1766, 1980 &
1991 |
1766
Philippeans |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon volcano erupted
in 1766.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
|
1769 |
1769
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
In 1769 the
eruption of Colima volcano had flames that lit up the area and
was visable for 18 miles.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1772 |
1772
Indonesia
2.9k Deaths |
Papandayan
Volcano |
2,957 people are killed
from ash flows when the Papandayan Volcano erupted in 1772. |
|
1779 |
1779
Russia
|
Avachinsky
volcano |
An explosive
eruption of Avachinsky volcano was observed by the crew of the
last voyage of Captain Cook in 1779. John Ledyard recorded the
eruption in the ships journal on June 15, 1779. "On the 15th it
continued calm until noon when it clouded up and became very
black and dark: the two mountains Peter and Paul (Avachinsky and
Koryaksky) were covered with the atmosphere near half way from
their summits down, and at two o'clock we had again a small
shock of an earthquake, and heard a hollow rumbling noise in the
air, and the atmosphere continuing to condense, it became almost
as dark as night, and the face of heaven looked very wild"
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
|
1783 |
1783
Japan
1.3k Deaths |
Mount
Asama
volcano |
Mud and ash flows from the
eruption of Mount Asama in Japan killed 1,377 people. |
1783
Iceland
8th Deadly
9.3k Deaths
Climate Change |
Laki
Volcano |
On June 8th, 1783
continuing into 1784 the
eruption of Laki Volcano emitted toxic fluorine/sulfur-dioxid
that killed the livestock causing a famine that killed the 9,350
people inhabiting the area around the volcano in Iceland. The
Laki 1783 eruption was the largest lava eruption in recorded
volcanic history. The largest lava flow in historical times
covered 2.9 cubic miles of lava spread out over 218 square miles
of Iceland's landscape. This eruption is the 8th deadliest in
recorded History. Benjamin Franklin, diplomat, inventor,
scientist, and more had observed the eruption in 1784, during
one of his voyages to France. Franklin hypothosized that the
volcano's introduction of massive quantities of the volcanic
particles into the upper atmosphere could cause a reduction in
the surface temperature as the particles would lessen the solar
energy penetrating the atmosphere. Franklin was right
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991 |
|
1786 |
1786
California |
Mount
Shasta
volcano |
Mount Shasta in California is now dormant with
its last eruption occurring in 1786. |
1786
Indonesia |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted with one of its
largest in 1786. It is located in central Java, 45 miles north
of Yogyakarta.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
|
1792 |
1792
Japan
5th Deadly
15k Deaths
Decade
Volcano
|
Unzen
Volcano
VEI 2 - 10th
Most Powerful
meteotsunami |
A 1792 eruption of the
Unzen Volcano in Japan kills 15,000 people by meteotsunamis and
collapse of the volcano. The 1792 Unzen eruption is the 5th most
deadly and the 10th most powerful eruption in historical times
with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 2.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Unzen links 1792, 1991 |
|
1797 |
1797
Hawaii |
Halekala
volcano |
Halekala forms the eastern part of the island of
Maui in the Hawaian Islands. Prior to going dormant its last
eruption is said to have been around 1797. |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
1800s |
|
1800 |
1800
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
Mount Saint Helens erupted in 1800 beginning a 57 year period of
eruptions. 1800 began the oral/written history of the volcano.
Mt. St. Helens
35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
|
1805 |
1805
Oregon |
Mount
Hood
volcano |
Mount Hood east of Portland in Oregon is a
dormant volcano and the forth highest peak in the Cascade Range.
Its last eruption was a little before Louis and Clark arrived in
the area on their expedition in 1805. |
|
1814 |
1814
Philippeans
1.2k Deaths |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon volcano in the
Philippeans had its most violent eruption in 1814. More than
1,200 people were killed and several towns destroyed by mud
flows. The eruption buried the town of Cagsawa and large areas
of Guinobatan were destroyed.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
|
1815 |
1815
Indonesia
Deadliest
92k Deaths
VEI - 7
Climate
Changes |
Tambora
volcano
VEI 7
Most Powerful
Eruption
meteotsunami |
The Tambora volcano in
Indonesia erupted on April 5th with the largest eruption
on April 10th and 11th. The volcanic rain,
meteotsunami and climate change killed livestock and destroyed
crops. More than 92,000 people died, maybe 100,000, from starvation making this eruption
the most deadly on record. Tambora was 100 times the power of
the Vesuvius eruption of 79 AD. Tambora is 14,107 feet high and is
located on the Sumbawa Island of Indonesia. The chamber with
centuries accumulation of magma was emptied of its contents. The
ash and gases caused substantial climate change lowering global
temperatures one degree, denyig two summers and lasting through
the next year. Scientists have calculated that Tambora has
erupted three times before. The 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano is one of four
eruptions in the past 10,000 years to have been assigned a
Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7. This Tambora eruption was the
most powerful eruption in recorded history.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Climate Changes: 1783,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991
- VEI - 7: 4350bc,
4895bc, 1050 &
1815 |
|
1818 |
1818
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
The Colima
volcano's largest eruption of the 19th century was on February
15th, 1818. The citizens of Zapotlan heard a blast that sounded
like artillery fire. Ash fell on Zapotlan, Guadalajara,
Guanajuato, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi. Troops at Valladolid
belived the noise was an artillery explosion.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1820 |
1820
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The most recent
recorded eruption of Mount Rainier was between 1820 and 1854.
Many eyewitnesses have reported volcanic activity in 1858, 1870,
1879, 1882, and 1894.
Mount Rainier 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
|
1821 |
1821
Iceland |
Eyjafjallajökull
volcano |
Eyjafjallajökull Volcano
has a series of eruption beginning in December 1821 continuing
into January 1823. This was the last known eruption prior to
2010. The volcano is also called the Eyjafjöll
Volcano. A glacier
called both Eyjafjöll Glacier and
Eyjafjallajökull Glacier descends
downward from the summit
Eyjafjallajökull links
1821-23 & 2010 |
|
1822 |
1822
Indonesia |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted with one of its
largest in 1822. It has small eruptions every 2-3 years with
larger every 10-15 years and the most devastating eruptions
every 50 to 60 years.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
|
1825 |
1825
Philippeans
1.5k Deaths |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
An eruption on Mount Mayon
occured in 1825 that was followed by a tropical storm. The
eruption did not cause any deaths but the rains from the storm
caused mudslides that flowed into villages causing the deaths of
1,500 people.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
|
1831 |
1831
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
1831 was the first of Mount Saint Helens twelve eruptions of ash
that would occur ending in 1857.
Mt. St. Helens
35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
|
1841 |
1841
Antartica |
Mount
Erebus
volcano |
Mount Erebus is active and situated on the east
coast of Ross Island on Antartica. Mt. Erebus was
discovered by explorer James Ross in 1841 and was named after
one of his ships. |
|
1842 |
1842
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
In 1842 Mount Saint Helens had a fairly large eruption that was
one of twelve that occured between 1831 and 1857.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
|
1844 |
1844
Congo
Decade
Volcano |
Volcan Nyiragongo
volcano |
In 1844 an
explosive eruption in the southern pit was the first record of
activity at Volcan Nyiragongo. Eruptions or Lava Lake activity
occurred in the following years 1844, 1894, 1905, 1918, 1920-21,
1927-1977, 1982, 1994,1996. 2002.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Nyiragongo 1844, 1977,
2002, 2009 |
|
1845 |
1845
Columbia
1k Deaths |
Nevado.del
Ruiz
volcano |
A large earthquake
in the area of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia on February 19th,
1845 caused mudflows that killed 1000 people.
Nevado del Ruiz links 1845 &
1985 |
|
1851 |
1851
Costa Rica |
Rincon
de la
Vieja
volcano |
In Costa Rica the Rincon de la Vieja volcano
erupted in 1851.
The Rincon will have erupted more then 16 times by time of its
most recent erupton of 1998.
Rincon de la Vieja links 1851,
1995 & 1998 |
|
1865 |
1865
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
The first known eruption
occurs in 1865 by Mount Nyamuragira in the Democratic Republic
of Congo. Mount Nyamuragira is the most active volcano in
Africa. It has erupted in the following years:
1865, 1882, 1885, 1894, 1896, 1899, 1901, 1902, 1904, 1905,
1906-07, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1912-13, 1920, 1921-38,
1938-40, 1948, 1951, 1951-52, 1954, 1956,
1957, 1958, 1967, 1971, 1976-77, 1980, 1981-82, 1984, 1986,
1987-88, 1989, 1991-93, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004,
2006 & 2010.
Mt. Nyamuragira links 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
1865
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
An 1865 eruption of Mount
Etna caused an earthquake that destroyed the town of La Macchia.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
|
1869 |
1869
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
The Colima volcano
erupted on June 12th providing the first historical documention
of a lava flow at the volcano.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1872 |
1872
Indonesia |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted with one of its
largest in 1872. The volcanic ash has made the soil rich
attracting farmers to live nearby.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
1872
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
The Colima volcano
began a series of eruptions on February 26th. The continuing
eruptions had the people of all classes praying publicly asking
for mercy from God. Public processions requested penance.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1877 |
1877
Ecuador
1k Deaths |
Cotopaxi
volcano |
Cotopaxi
near Quito in central Ecuador erupted in 1877 melting snow and
ice producing mudflows that traveled 60 miles killing 1,000
people.
Cotopaxi 1737, 1744,
1877, 1904 &
1975 |
|
1878 |
1878
Papua New Guinea
|
Ulawan
Volcano |
After being quiet
for 178 years after the first recorded eruption in 1700, the
Ulawu Volcano erupts beginning a series of eruptions with
various time breaks averaging 5.3 years between eruptions.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
|
1881 |
1881
Alaska |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano |
Mount Redoubt in Alaska
appeared to have had an eruption in 1881.
A party of native hunters were overcome by a lava-flow. Only two
escaped. There were no other corraborating accounts. Smoke and
steam is often seen from the mountain making it difficult to
determine an actual eruption. Ships at sea would occasionally
see the glow of fire from the summit, but none of those were
given credit. Captain James Cook saw the mountain in the summer
of 1778 and described it as "emmitting a white smoke but no
fire." It is believed the white smoke was a cloud that stayed
for the 48 hours of visability.
Mt. Redoubt links 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
|
1882 |
1882
Indonesia
4k Deaths |
Galunggung
Volcano |
Galunggung Volcano
erupted flowing lava and spewing boiling water causing mudflows
that killed 4,011 people. The Galunggung eruption of 1882 comes
in as being the 10th deadliest on record. |
|
1883 |
1883
Indonesia
2nd Deadly
36k Deaths |
Krakatau
3rd Most
VEI 6 Powerful
meteotsunami
140
ft high |
One of the largest
eruptions was from the Krakatau Volcano in Indonesia. Explosions
were heard over 2,000 miles away. One plume was sent 20 miles
high. This eruption was the 3rd most powerful eruption in
historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6.
Most of the deaths were from the meteotsunamis that was
generated. Over all 36,417 people were killed in 1883 and most
of the island was destroyed by the meteotsunamis. Java and
Sumatra were flooded with waves as high as 140 feet. This event
of Krakatau makes it the 2nd deadliest eruption in recored
history.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991 |
|
1886 |
1886
New Zealand
153 Deaths |
Mount
Tarawera
volcano |
Mount Tarawera, a volcano near Rotorua on the
North Island of New Zealand Erupts on June 10th killing at least
153 people. |
|
1895 |
1895
Russia
Decade
Volcano |
Koryaksky
volcano |
The first recorded
historical eruption of the Koryaksky Volcano was in 1895. It
exploded and produced a lava flow. Koryaksky is known to have
erupted in 1895, 1926, 1956-57 & 2008-
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984
Koryaksky links 1895,
1956 & 2008 |
|
1897 |
1897
Philippeans
500
Deaths |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon erupted on June
23rd with seven days of spewing fire into the air. A lava flow
buried the village of Bacacay seven miles east of the volcano
with a depth of 49 feet. Other villages suffered hot steam or
rocks, falling debri and black clouds of ash that traveled 100
miles. 500 people were known to have been killed. "...The
fires twinkled like stars, or the scintillions of a dying
conflageration." - Geologist Samuel Kneeland.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
| (c) 2005,
2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
1900s |
|
1901 |
1901
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
in 1901. It is the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
|
1902 |
1902
Martinique
3rd Deadly
30k Deaths
Deadliest
of the 21st Century |
Mount Pelee
volcano
VEI 4 - 8th
Most Powerful
|
Mount Pelee erupted in 1902
from April 24th into May emitting lava and ash flows.
Several explosive eruptions preceded the largest a blasting eruption
on May 8th.
Saint-Pierre was covered with layers of volcanic ash and rock. Many
people were killed from the intense heat of a nuee ardente; a
dark black cloud of smoke. Volcanic rumblings increased causing
the devastating mudflow that poured through Saint-Pierre and the
village of Mome Rouge on May 5th. 30,000 people died. Only two
people from the area of destruction survived. This Mount Pelee
eruption was the 3rd deadliest and 8th most powerful eruption in
historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 4. It is
the most deadliest of the 20th century.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991 |
1902
St. Vincent
1.6k Deaths |
Mount
Soufriere
volcano |
In 1902 Mount
Soufriere erupted with ash flows that killed 1,680 people. |
1902
Guatemala
9th Deadly
6k Deaths
Decade
Volcano |
Santa Maria
volcano
VEI 6 - 4th
Most Powerful |
The Santa Maria volcano
erupted in Guatemala in 1902. 6,000 people were killed. This 1902
eruption of the Santa Maria volcano is the 9th deadliest and the
4th most powerful eruption in historical times with a Volcanic
Explosivity Index of 6.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984 |
1902
Alaska |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano |
From January 18th to June
21st, Mount Redoubt spewed out ash covering the area for 150
miles. This was the first documented eruption of Mount Redoubt.
Mt. Redoubt 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
|
1904 |
1904
Ecuador |
Cotopaxi
volcano |
Cotopaxi
in central Ecuador ends its last eruption in 1904.
Cotopaxi 1737, 1744,
1877, 1904 &
1975 |
|
1911 |
1911
Philippeans
1.3k Deaths
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Taal
volcano |
Mount Taal in the
Philippeans erupted in 1911 sending Ash flows down its slopes to
the villages killing 1,335 people. Taal is being watched as one
of 16 volcanoes most likely to cause damages to life and
property.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984 |
|
1912 |
1912
Alaska |
Katmai-Novarupta
volcano |
The Katmai-Novarupta
volcano in Alaska erupted in 1912.
One sourse says it is the largest eruption of the 20th Century. |
|
1913 |
1913
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
Mexico's Colima
volcano erupted in 1913 blasting a crater 1,650 feet deep. The
eruption sent fast-paced flows of hot ash down the slopes and
rained ash on the city of Guadalajara 75 miles away.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1914 |
1914
California |
Lassen
Peak
volcano |
Lassen Peak is currently considered dormant, its
last activity was from 1914 to 1917 when it has around 150
explosions. |
|
1915 |
1915
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
A large eruption
in 1915 blasted out ash covering the town of Toriu with 4
inches, 31 miles northeast of the Ulawan.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
|
1917 |
1917
El Salvador |
San
Salvador
volcano |
San Salvador volcano is west of the capital of El
Salvador, San Salvador. Now dormant its last eruption was in
June 1917 and destroyed a lard part of the city by the
accompanying earthquakes. |
|
1919 |
1919
Indonesia
10th Deadly
5110 Deaths |
Kelut
volcano |
Mudflows from the eruption
of Kelut Volcano killed 5,110 people making it the 9th deadliest
eruption in recorded history. Kelut is known for 30 explosive
eruptions since the year 1000. Since 1919 the Ampera Tunnel was
constructed to empty the crater lake to reduce risk of mudflows.
More recent eruptions have ocurred in 1951, 1966 and 1990 that
together took 250 lives. The most recent was in 2007. The 1919
eruption of the Kelut volcano is the 10th most deadly on record.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Kelut links 1919 & 2007 |
|
1920 |
1920
Congo |
volcano
study |
The Indonesian government
established the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI) in
1920, after the 1883 Krakatau eruption and other devastating
eruptions on other islands. VSI now operates a network of 64
volcano observatories that continuously monitor 59 volcanoes. |
|
1921 |
1921
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
in 1921 and continues its eruption with volcanic activity until
1938. It is the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
|
1922 |
1922
Alaska |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano |
Alaska's Mount Redoubt
volcano erupted in 1922.
Mt. Redoubt 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
|
1928 |
1928
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
A Mount Etna eruption that
began on November 2nd expelled a flow of lava that entered the
town of Mascali on the 6th. The town was mostly destroyed by the
next day.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
|
1930 |
1930
Indonesia |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia erupted with one of its
largest in 1930. With its frequent eruptions many farmers
rebuild starting new after each destruction.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
|
1938 |
1938
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
After 16 years of steady
volcanic activity Mount Nyamuragira subsides in 1938 to again
erupt and continue that vocanic activity until 1940. It is the
most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
|
1940 |
1940
Japan
11 Deaths |
Mount
Oyama
volcano |
In Japan on Miyakejima Island, Mount Oyama erupts
killing 11 people and injuring 9 in 1940. |
|
1943 |
1943
Mexico |
Paricutin
volcano |
A Mexican farmer discovered an 80 foot crack that
appeared in his cornfield overnight. The area of the crack
raised 33 feet by morning and 550 feet by the end of the week.
After a year it was 1000 feet high and eventually grew to 1353
feet. Paricutin went dormant after 9 years and 12 days of
erupting. 4,500 people lost their homes as well as the farmer's cornfield. |
|
1944 |
1944
Equador |
Tungurahua
volcano |
Tungurahua
volcano has 17 known eruptions during historical times. Its most
recent eruption occurred with explosions from it crater in 1944. |
|
1945 |
1945
Russia
|
Avachinsky
volcano |
7,000 years ago
the Avachinsky volcano erupted with an explosion, pyroclastic
flows and lahars, and emitting short lava flows. It had a
Volcanic Explosivity Index of 4. This eruption continued
rebuilding of the caldera that began 11,000 years prior.
Avachinsky has erupted 16 times since 1737.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
|
1946 |
1946
Japan
Decade
Volcano |
Sakurajima
Volcano |
Japan's Sakurajima Volcano
erupted creating the Showa crater.
Sakurajima links
1946 & 2006
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984 |
|
1947 |
1947
Philippeans |
Mayon
Volcano |
Mount Mayon Volcano in the
Philippeans erupted in 1947.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
|
1951 |
1951
Papua N. G.
2.9k Deaths
|
Mount Lamington
volcano |
Mount Lamington in Papua
New Guinea erupted in 1951 killing 2,942 people in its Ash
flows. |
1951
Phillippines
500 Deaths |
Hibok-Hibok
Volcano |
Hibok-Hibok Volcano in the
Phillipeans erupted in 1951 sending out Ash flows that killed
500 people. |
1951
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
in 1951. It is the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
|
1954 |
1954
WA - USA |
April |
The Editor of these
Disaster TimeLines
Disasters.PoetPatriot.com was born. |
|
1956 |
1956
Russia |
Koryaksky
volcano |
Located on the
Kamchatka peninsula in Russia is the Koryaksky Volcano. 1956
continuing into 1957 was the last observed higher volcanic
activity of Koryaksky volcano.
Koryaksky 1895, 1956
& 2008 |
|
1961 |
1961
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
Beginning in 1961
continuing into 1962 the Colima Volcano erupted with lava of
blocky andesite descending to the caldera floor from the
northern flank of the cone.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1963 |
1963
Indonesia
1.1k Deaths |
Mount
Agung
volcano |
The 1863 eruption of Mount
Agung caused ash flows that killed 1,184 people. |
|
1965 |
1965
Guatemala |
Pacaya
volcano |
Picaya volcano in Guatemala has been erupting
almost continuously since 1965 with hundreds of explosions each
day. |
|
1966 |
1966
Alaska |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano |
Alaska's Mount Redoubt
volcano erupted in 1966.
Mt. Redoubt 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
|
1967 |
1967
Ethiopia |
Erta Ale
volcano |
The Erta Ale
volcano has had 7 large eruptions since 1870 and
has been continuously active since 1967. Erta Ale is
distinguished by an active lava lake in the summit crater. |
|
1968 |
1968
Costa Rica
78 Deaths |
Volcan
Arenal |
In July the Volcan Arenal in Costa Rica erupts
in an explosion causing hot avalanches and ejecting blocks
destroying the west flank of the mountain. 78 people were
killed. This eruption changed the status of Arenal and has been
active since.
Volcan Arenal 5Kbc, 900bc,
220, 1080, 1525,
1750 & 1968 |
|
1970 |
1915
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
A large eruption
in 1970 resulted with nuees ardentes and lava flows modifying
the crater and damageing the northwest flank of the mountain.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
1970
El Salvador |
Izalco
Volcano |
The Izalco Volcano was known as the 'Lighthouse
of the Pacific' because its frequent intermittent eruptions,
until the late 50s, could be seen from the Pacific Ocean. It
last erupted in the early 1970s with a short period of eruption
activity. It smokes occasionally and is still considered active. |
|
1971 |
1971
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira began
erupting on March 24th from the Rugarama cone. Rumbling was
heard over 6 miles away and the glow seen from 31 miles. It is
the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
|
1973 |
1973
Iceland |
Heimaey
volcano |
In January the volcano Heimaey was born erupting
near the town of Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland. The eruption covered
one third of the town. Heimaey is quite small for a volcano
measuring just 4.36 square miles. |
|
1975 |
1975
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
On December 1st
the Colima Volcano erupted with lava spilling over the northeast
rim of the crater. The lava flowed toward Volcancito.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
1975
Equador |
Cotopaxi
volcano |
Cotopaxi
near Quito in central Ecuador among the Andes Mountains has
erupted about 50 times between 1738 and 1904. Its more recent
activity during 1975 and 1976 with small earthquakes and an
increase of steam emissions that melted snow.
Cotopaxi 1737, 1744,
1877, 1904 &
1975 |
|
1977 |
1977
Congo |
Volcan Nyiragongo
volcano |
The Volcan
Nyiragongo erupts in 1977 sending lava down its slopes towards
Goma.
Nyiragongo 1844, 1977,
2002, 2009 |
1977
Columbia |
Purace
volcano |
Purace volcano in Colombia has approximately 12
eruptions during the 20th century with the last being in 1977. |
|
1980 |
1980
Washington
57 deaths
Climate Change |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano
VEI 5 - 5th
Most Powerful |
On May 18th Mount Saint Helens in Washington
State awakes with an explosive eruption that takes out the top and side
of Mount St. Helens. The eruption began with an earthquake and
resulted with a landslide and an explosion directed both
horizontally and vertically that blankets eastern Washington
with ash. The huge quantities of volcanic particles ejected into
the atmosphere had an effect on climatic patterns. Harry Truman of Spirit Lake lodge, enamored with the
media attention prior to the explosion vows to stay on the
mountain. Truman in his 90s perished with the lodge in the
explosion. Activity afterwards and until 1989 consisted mainly
of lave dome forming. 57 people including Harry died in the
blast. This 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens was the 5th most
powerful eruption in historical times with a Volcanic
Explosivity Index of 5.
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480,
1800, 1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
1980
Iceland
Climate Change |
Mount
Hekla
Volcano |
An eruption on
August 17 1980 of Mount Hekla ejected volcanic particles into
the air causing a change in climatic patterns. Hekla's known
eruptions date back to 1104 That covered much of its flanks and
was the largest eruption in Iceland's recorded history.
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991
Hekla
1104,
1766, 1980 &
1991 |
1980
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
An eruption in
1980 of the Ulawan Volcano shot ash to 60,000 feet and sent
pyroclastic flow down all flans of the mountain. The most
serious concern about the volcano is a possible structural
collapse that might produce an eruption that would cause
devastation for hundreds of miles.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
|
1981 |
1981
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
A new lava dome
forms in the crater of the Colima Volcano. On December 9th two
explosions occur prior to lava flowing over the crater's south
rim. The eruption continues into the next year.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1982 |
1982
Mexico
2k Deaths
Climate Change |
Mount
El Chichón
volcano
|
Mexico's volcano,
El Chichón erupted in 1982 creating ash flows that kill 2,000
people. Much damage occured in the series of eruptions. The
large quantities of volcanic particles ejected into the air
effected clamatic change that was, however, minimized by the
effects of the El Nino ocean phenomenon.
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991 |
|
1983 |
1983
Hawaii |
Pu`u `O`o
volcano |
Hawaii's Pu`u `O`o volcano
erupted on January 3 with lava flows. The volcano still had lava
flowing as recent as December 29, 2005. |
1983
Japan |
Mount
Oyama
volcano |
In Japan's Miyakejima Island is left with a
moonscape of lava rock, in 1983, after Mount Oyama erupts
destroying 400 homes. No one was injured. |
|
1984 |
1984
Philippeans
|
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon in the
Philippeans erupts in 1984 with no casualties after 73,000
people were evacuated from the expected danger zone.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
1984
Hawaii
Decade
Volcano |
Manu Loa
volcano |
Mauna Loa's eruption in 1984 came within 4 miles
of Hilo, Hawaii. Mauna Loa has erupted 15 times in the 20th
century making it one of the most active volcanoes. Taking up
half the area of Hawaii it is the largest volcano on earth.
Decade Volcanoes: 840Kbc,
560Kbc, 33Kbc,
1800bc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1844, 1895,
1902, 1911,
1946 & 1984 |
|
1985 |
1985
Chile |
Guallatiri
volcano |
Guallatiri
volcano in Chili erupted most recently in 1985 and has erupted
four times since 1825. |
1985
Columbia
4th Deadly
25k Deaths
2nd Deadly
of the 21st Century |
Nevado.del Ruiz volcano
VEI 3 - 9th
Most Powerful |
Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia kills 25,000 people
when its October eruption in 1985 melts show and ice producing mudflows
that devastate the town of Armero. It is the second most deadly
of the 20th century behind the Mount Pelée 1902 eruption that killed
30,000 people. This eruption of Nevado del Ruiz was the 4th
deadliest and the 9th most powerful eruption in historical times
with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 3.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Nevado del Ruiz 1845 &
1985 |
|
1986 |
1986
Italy |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
Mt Etna erupts sending molten magma down its
slopes towards a village. Legend says the local archbishop
held a statue up in front of the lava to divert the flow.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
1986
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
on July 16th from Kitazungurwa on the south flank of the
mountain. This was a Hawaiian-type of eruption; long distance
lave flows with spatter cones forming around the vents. It is
the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
1986
Peru |
Sabancaya
volcano |
With no known history of activity, Sabancaya
volcano, the smaller of three in the Peruvian Andes, begins
erupting in December 1986 and continues its dome building during
the next 18 months. |
|
1987 |
1987
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
Colima Volcano
erupts on July 2nd sending a mushroom cloud over a thousand
yards above the crater.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1989 |
1989
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia among the Andes Mountains becomes
an active volcano after 15 years of inactivity.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
1989
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
in 1989. The eruption began at the summit and changed to a flank
eruption. It is the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
1989
Indonesia
|
Mount Gamkonora
volcano |
Mount Gamkonora,
on Halmahera Island in Indonesia, erupted in 1989. Between
1564 and 1989 Mount Gamkonora erupted 12 times.
Gamkonora 1564, 1673,
1989 & 2007 |
1989
Hawaii |
Kilauea
volcano |
The world's most active volcano, Kilauea in
Hawaii destroys the visitors center at the national park in June
and by the end of the year destroys 65 houses. The inner pit of
the volcano is called "the House of Everlasting Fire". |
1989
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano
Multi eruptions |
From December 7th to January
6th Mount Saint Helens had several small explosions.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800, 1831,
1842, 1980,
2004, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
1989
Alaska
? deaths |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano |
Alaska's Mount Redoubt
volcano erupted on December 14th, continuing for 6 months. The
eruption caused pyroclastic, and mud, flows. Most of the mud
flows headed toward Cook inlet, 22 miles from the mountain.
Damages were so great it was the second costliest volcanic
eruption in U.S. history; $160 million. An airliner flew into an
ash cloud and lost all four engines.
Mt. Redoubt 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
|
1990 |
1990
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia begins erupting in 1990 and
continues through 1991 into 1992.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
|
1991 |
1991
Russia |
Avachinsky
volcano |
The most recent
eruption of Avachinsky volcano was in 1991 building a dome and
producing lava and mud flows. One lava flow that almost reached
the north road that runs between Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskij (the
provincial capital) and Elizovo.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
1991
Philippeans
932 Deaths
Costliest
500 B. (USD)
Climate Change |
Mount Pinatubo
volcano
VEI 5 - 7th
Most Powerful |
The Mount Pinatubo
eruption of June, 1991 threw 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide
into the air effecting a world-wide cooling of 37 degrees
Fahrenheit. The eruption caused the deaths of 932 people, left
10,000 homeless and caused 500 Billion dollars in damages. The deaths were from
collapsing roofs and disease. There were accumulations of up to
13 inches of ash. This 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was the 7th most powerful
eruption in historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index
of 5. The United States Clark Air Base was evacuated of 18,000
personnel and families.
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991
Pinatubo 33,000bc,
1991 &
1992. |
1991
Iceland |
Hekla
Volcano |
The most recent eruption of the Hekla volcano in
Iceland was in 1991. It is the most active of the Icelandic
volcanoes.
Hekla 1104,
1766, 1980 &
1991 |
1991
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
Colima Volcano
erupts on April 16th with a blocky lava and pyroclastics flowing
over the southwest rim of the crater. It also caused a partial
collapse of the dome.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
1991
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
Mount Nyamuragira erupted
in 1991 and continued the eruption for two years into 1993. It
is the most active volcano in Africa.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
1991
Japan
40 Deaths |
Unzen
volcano |
Unzen volcano east of Nagasaki in Japan had
continued dome growth beginning in May 1991. A large
amount of lava had been emitted and over ten thousand
pyroclastic flows have been counted during the activity that
ended in February 1995. 2000 buildings were destroyed and 40
people killed by the pyroclastic flows.
Unzen 1792, 1991 |
|
1992 |
1992
Philippeans
72 Deaths |
Mount Pinatubo
volcano |
An eruption of
Mount Piinatubo in August, 1992 killed 72 people.
Pinatubo 33,000bc,
1991 &
1992. |
1992
Italy |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
Mt. Etna threatens the town of Zafferana, on the
lower slopes, with a population of 7,000 people. As the magma
flowed closer to the town the Italian military used
strategically placed explosives to divert the flow.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
|
1993 |
1993
Philippeans
77 Deaths |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mayon Volcano in the Bicol Region of Luzon island
in the Philippines erupted in 1993. Pyroclastic flows killed 77
people. Its near perfect cone
makes it one of the most beautiful volcanoes on earth.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
1993
Columbia
9 Deaths |
Galeras
volcano |
Galeras volcano located west of Pasto, Colombia
erupts Killing 9 people; 3 tourists and 6 on a scientific expedition to the
summit. Galeras has erupted more than 20 times since 1500.
The eruptions have usually been gas and ash emissions; lava
flows and pyroclastic flows produced by explosive eruptions.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
|
1994 |
1994
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
Colima Volcano
erupts on July 21st destroying the 1991 dome and causing
avalanches and an ash fall. An explosion was heard 21 miles
south. A shallow crater about 460 feet in diameter and 160 feet
deep was created.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
1994
Indonesia
60 Deaths |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
The eruption of Mount Merapi In Indonesia in
November of 1994 kills 60 people causing authorities to close
many acres of land.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
1994
Mexico |
Popocatepetl
Volcano |
Mexico's Popocatepetl Volcano comes to life in
December after a dormancy since 1927. The last catastrophic
eruption was over 800 years before. |
|
1995 |
1995
Costa Rica |
Rincon
de la
Vieja
volcano |
In Coasta Rica the Rincon de la Vieja volcano erupted in November
1995.
Rincon de la Vieja 1851,
1995 & 1998 |
|
1996 |
1996
Congo |
Zaire
volcano |
In 1996 a volcano erupted near the Rwanda-Uganda
border in the Democratic Republic of Congo. |
|
1997 |
1997
Japan
4 Deaths |
Adatara
Volocano |
On September 15th 4 hikers
in a party of 14 became separated and found themselves within
the crater of Adatara Volocano where they were killed by
volcanic gas. |
|
1998 |
1998
Reunion Isl. |
Piton de la
Fournaise
volcano |
Piton de la Fournaise volcano takes up half the
Reunion Island of Madagascar. Since 1640 there have been more
than 150 eruptions making it one of the most active oceanic
volcanoes. One of the most recent eruptions of Piton de la
Fournaise was on March 9th emitting lava which did not seem to
affect the inhabited areas. |
1998
Costa Rica |
Rincon
de la
Vieja
volcano |
In Coasta Rica the Rincon de la Vieja volcano erupted
in February of 1998. The Ricon has erupted 16 times or more since 1851.
Rincon de la Vieja 1851,
1995 & 1998 |
1998
Indonesia |
Mount
Merapi
volcano
(2 eruptions) |
In Indonesia Mount Merapi erupts on July 13th
sending ash two miles into the sky and hot lava down its slopes.
In eight days later a second eruption occurs on July 20th
forcing 2100 people to flee. A column of black ash shot up
towering above, followed by the lava flows down the flanks of
the mountain. Rains caused mudslides of the fresh laid ash.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
1998
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
The Colima Volcano
on November 21st begins spilling lava over the southwest rim of
the crater creating pyroclastic flows with a speed of 55 mph
reaching 3 miles down the El Cordoban ravine. Debris was
projected out over 2 miles away. The eruption continued into
1999.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
|
1999 |
1999
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
In 1999 Mexico's
Colima volcano fired a plume of ash more than 5 miles high and
sent glowing lave down its slopes.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
| (c) 2005,
2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2000s |
|
2000 |
2000
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
2 eruptions |
The Galeras volcano in Colombia had been
quiet for seven years until 2000 which had 2 small eruptions.
Both were preceded by ground tremors and occured on June 7th and
March 21st.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2000
Japan |
Mount
Usu
volcano |
Mount Usu in northern Japan erupts on March 31st.
It had been 22 years since the last eruption. |
2000
Japan |
Mount
Oyama
volcano
6 eruptions |
In Japan on Miyakejima Island, on July 8th,
2,686-foot Mount Oyama erupts In the first of several eruptions
to occur over the next two months. On August 14th
Mount Oyama erupts spouting smoke, ash and rocks into the air in
the second eruption in a week. On July 15th, Mount Oyama erupts.
This was the third of a series of eruptions. Mount Oyama erupts
in the 4th eruption in a month on August 9th. On August 11th,
Mount Oyama erupts again. The largest eruption of Mt. Oyama
since 1983 occured on August 19th, spouting rock with smoke and
ash spewing 5 miles into the air. A blanket of ash, as deep as 8
inches in some places, covered the island. |
2000
Philippeans
|
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon in the
Philippeans has an eruption in 2000. Mount Mayon Volcano had
been actively but quietly spewing lava and emitting ash since
its last eruption in 1993.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
2000
Japan |
Mount
Oyama
volcano |
In Japan on
Miyakejima Island, on August 19th, Mount Oyama erupts spouting
rock with smoke and ash spewing 5 miles into the air. This was
the largest eruption of Mt. Oyama since 1983. |
2000
Mexico |
Popocatepetl
Volcano |
Mexico's Popocatepetl Volcano on November 16th
spews lava, rock and ash in a 7:30 p.m. eruption. An
evacuation is urged but few take heed. |
| (c) 2005,
2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2001 |
2001
Russia |
Avachinskaja
volcano |
Avachinskaja
volcano in Russia had its last significant eruption in 2001. The
last big one was in 1991.
Avachinskaja 1991,
2001 |
2001
Europe |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna in Italy continues spewing smoke, ash and lava thousands of
feet into the sky as of July 19th, rivers of lava continue
flowing as well. Mt. Etna is Europe's highest and the most
active volcano.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
2001
Philippeans
|
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
Mount Mayon in the
Philippeans erupts on July 26th shooting lava 200 feet into the
air. Thousands flee their homes in panic.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
| (c) 2005,
2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2002 |
2002
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
The Colima Volcano
began a lava flow that continued for a year, from February 2002
until February 2003.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
2002
Congo
97+
Deaths |
Volcan Nyiragongo
volcano |
A series
of quakes that rattle Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, follow the eruption of Volcan
Nyiragongo on January 17th.
The first quake was a 5.3 followed by several more over the next
5 days. Lava flows ignite an explosion of a Petrol station. At
at least 97 people are killed and over 307 buildings destroyed.
one seventh of Goma was destroyed including parts of the
business center and the international airport.
Nyiragongo 1844, 1977,
2002, 2009 |
2002
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
2 eruptions |
The Galeras volcano in Colombia had 100
minor tremors precede a major eruption in April with no damage
reported. A hydrothermal eruption on June 7th ejected lapilla,
ash and clay.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2002
Caribbean |
Montserrat
volcano |
In the Caribbean concern is
caused when on October 13, a large bolder of cooled lava breaks
away from Montserrat's volcano and falls into the sea.
Montserrat 2002 &
2003 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2003 |
2003
Italy |
volcano
meteotsunami |
A meteotsunami (tidal wave) on January 1st,
prompted an evacuation from Stromboli, Italy. The large wave hit
the island after a part of a volcanic eruption crashes into the
sea creating a huge "wake". |
2003
Caribbean |
Montserrat
volcano |
Jul. 13 Dome of Montserrat
volcano collapses Explosions rocked volcano,
spewing thick clouds of ash into the air after rainfall caused
part of the dome to collapse.
Montserrat 2002 &
2003 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2004 |
2004
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
4 eruptions |
The Galeras volcano in Colombia had an
eruption that began on July 16th with gas emmissions. Elevated
levels of gas were recorded from July 17th to the 20th. A gas
emission burst out with a steam and smoke plume of 16000 feet on
July 21st. On August 11th an eruption sent ash to fall on neaby
communities. An explosive eruption occured on November 21st
where the shock wave was felt as far as 12 miles away. The
eruptions will continue through 2005 into 2006.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2004
Mexico |
Colima
Volcano |
In the Colima State on September 29th an eruption
of small explosions begins a lava flow down the
12,540-foot slope of Mexico's
Colima volcano also known as "Fire Volcano." A dome is
created.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
2004
Washington State |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
The U.S. Geological Survey warns
on September 30th the heightened possibility of a small to
moderate eruption of Mount St. Helens. A powerful tremor in the
crater prompted the speculation. The volcano was still shaking 2
days after the initial "hiccup."
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800, 1831,
1842, 1980,
1989, 2005,
2008 & 2010 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2005 |
2005
Spain |
Teide
Volcano |
In Spain's Canary
Islands the Teide Volcano began volcanic unrest in January of
2005. The volcano emissions of carbon dioxide increased from 75
tons to 354 tons per day. Emissions of hydrogen sulfide rose
from 35 tons to 152 tons each day. The fumaroles increased
emitting sounds. Seismic activity remained elevated. The Teide
Volcano is one of the top world volcanoes being studied and
watched as most likely to cause damage to property and lives.
Teide 1492, 2005 |
2005
Washington State |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano
2 eruptions |
On March 8th in Washington state
Mount St. Helens belches a plume of smoke and ash 6 miles high,
visible for 50 miles. A plume of ash and smoke is sent 50,000
feet into and darkening the sky on April 6th.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800,
1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
2004, 2008 &
2010 |
2005
Oceania |
Anatahan
Volcano |
The Pacific islands of Oceania are dusted with
ash on April 6th as the Anatahan Volcano sends a plume of ash
and smoke 50,000 feet into, and darkening, the sky. |
2005
Indonesia |
Sumatra
volcano |
In Indonesia on April 13th the Sumatra volcano
rumbles causing the evacuation of 25,000 residents. |
2005
Comoros
|
Comoros
volcano |
On April 17th Hundreds of
villagers in Comoros flee fearing poison gas as a volcano spews
forth ash and boulders. |
2005
Mexico |
Colima
volcano
2 eruptions |
The Colima Volcano
has a series of eruptions between March and June that destroy
the 2004 lava dome and creates a crater 853 feet across and
nearly 100 feet deep.
Mexico's fire volcano erupts on May 23rd with its largest
explosion since 1999. The
volcano erupts
again on May 30th with an explosion sending a 3 mile plume of
smoke and ash into the air.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
2005
Japan |
underwater
volcano |
In Japan on July 4th a mystery
water plume jets out of the Pacific Ocean 3.300 feet into the
sky. Speculation says the plume was likely caused by an eruption
of an underwater volcano. |
2005
Ethiopia |
Dabbahu
Volcano
2 eruptions |
On September 24th
Dabbahu Volcano in Ethiopia begins to erupt with its largest
eruption two days later on the 26th. 6,500 people were
displaced. The eruption damaged roads and water facilities. 1000
lifestock were killed. |
2005
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano, in November, during an ongoing eruption blew a layer of
ash over the city of Pasto due to a change in wind direction.
9,400 people were ordered to leave their homes.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
|
(c) 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2006 |
2006
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
2 eruptions |
Beginning in
January an eruption began that contributed to the building of
the lava dome that continued through June at the Galeras volcano
in southwest Colombia. An eruption of two explosions occurred on
July 12th that was preceded by increasing minor tremors. 1000
people had been evacuated.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2006
Indonesia
|
Mount
Merapi
volcano
2 eruptions |
Mount Merapi in Indonesia
had been showing seismic activity for weeks beginning May 12th.
The volcano is considered 'alive' on May 17 as it send tremors
through surrounding villages. Through May and into June Merapi
spews out lava flows and clouds of hot gas 3 miles down its
southern slope. On June 6 15,000 people begin to flee from the
south and west flanks of the volcano. On June 14th Mount Merapi
erupts nearly enveloping one villiage in a searing gas cloud.
Merapi is one of several volcanoes being studied and watched as
being most likely to cause damages to life and property.
Mt.Merapi 1006, 1786,
1822, 1872, 1930,
1994, 1998 &
2006. |
2006
Japan
|
Sakurajima
Volcano
2 eruptions |
Japan's Sakurajima Volcano
began erupting on June 4th in the Showa crater that was formed
by the 1946 eruption. On June 7th Sakurajima
blew a 1000 meter ash column from the Showa crater.
Low vibration earthquakes have increased since mid-March and
volcanic tremors had increased since the middle of May.
Sakurajima
1946 & 2006 |
2006
Philippeans
|
Mount
Mayon
volcano
2 eruptions |
Mount Mayon began its
rumblings in February and erupted on July 18th with flowing lava
that continued to the next eruption. On August 7th within 40
minutes in mid-morning 6 volcanic blasts sent ash half a mile
into the air. Authorities order the evacuation of 20,000 people.
Mount Mayon is the Philippeans' most active volcano and has
erupted 50 time in the past 400 years. Typhoon Durian on
November, 30, with its tropical rains caused mudslides of
volcanic ash and boulders from Mount Mayon slopes. 1,000 peope
were killed and a large part of the Padang village was covered
up to the roofs of houses by the mud. Among the killed were
students of the Auinas University near Legazpi City when their
dormitory was engulfed with mud. The city of Legazpi escaped the
mud but not the floods.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
| (c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2007 |
2007
Columbia |
Nevado del Huila
volcano |
The Nevado del
Huila volcano in southwest Colombia erupts for the first time
since the 16th century, sending mud flows down the River Paez
causing some damage.
Nevado del Huila 1500s, 2008, 2009
& 2010 |
2007
Mexico |
Colima
volcano |
In February the
Colima Volcano begins a lava dome episode that continues into
2006. Fly overs on August 1st and November 8th allow the
observance of significant increases in lava dome volume.
Colima 1560, 1585,
1611, 1711,
1769, 1818,
1869, 1872,
1913, 1961,
1975, 1981,
1987, 1991,
1994, 1998,
1999, 2002,
2004, 2005 &
2007 |
2007
Indonesia |
Kelut
volcano |
An eruption of Kelut
Volcano ocurred in 2007 but because scientists had been
monitoring the volcano the Indonesia government was able to
evacuate 30,000 people from the danger zone.
Kelut 1919 & 2007 |
2007
Indonesia |
Salak
Volcano |
On July 7th the Salak
Volcano, in Indonesia, emitted poisonous sulfur fumes killing 6
of 50 teenagers who were camping on the mountain for the
weekend. Some of the remaining 44 survivors were rendered
unconscious and were evacuated to a hospital. |
2007
Indonesia
|
Mount
Gamkonora
volcano |
Mount Gamkonora,
on Halmahera Island in Indonesia, spews out smoke and ash
beginning on July 8th. Clouds of fire and ash have risen as high
as 13,100 feet. 8,400 villagers had been moved to refugee camps
with 2000 choosing to remain within the 5 mile danger zone.
Gamkonora 1564, 1673,
1989 & 2007 |
2007
Philippeans
|
Mount
Belusan
volcano |
Mount Bulusan blanketed
fields and villages for 3 miles with ash on July 30th. |
| (c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2008 |
2008
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
On January 16th Mount Saint Helens had a minor eruption of steam
appearing from the lava dome followed by lave dome building and
seismic activity. All had subsided by the end of the month. In
April a snowmobiler stood on the crater's rim when he fell in
1000 feet down. Receiving only minor injuries the weather
allowed his rescue.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800, 1831,
1842, 1980,
1989, 2004,
2005 & 2010 |
2008
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia erupted on January 17th. Ash was
sent 39,370 feet into the air. The previous October had
registered an increase of day-long earthquakes, four-fold. A
lava dome continued to build in the crater. The 2008 eruption
begins an ongoing series of activity through 2009 and into 2010.
Some minor damage to some TV towers had later been discovered.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2008
Columbia
6 Deaths |
Nevado del Huila
volcano
2 eruptions |
The Nevado del
Huila volcano in southwest Colombia erupted on April 14th.
15,000 people were urged to evacuate.
In a second eruption, on November 20th, mountain snow was melted
from the Hot gasses and ash sending rocks, mud and flooding down
the River Paez. At least 6 people were killed. 20 homes and 5
bridges were destroyed.
Nevado del Huila 1500s,
2007,
2008, 2009
& 2010 |
2008
Chile |
Chaitén
volcano |
A volcano, near the town of
Chaitén in Chile, awoke from nearly 9,500 years of inactivity on
May 2nd. The entire town of Chaitén was relocated to other areas
of Chile; 4000 people from town and 6,000 from areas around the
volcano. Volcanic activity continued into 2009.
Chaitén
7420bc,
2008 & 2009 |
2008
Chile |
Puerto
Montt
volcano |
On May 7th the Puerto Montt
volcano exploded spewing ash and rock over a wide area of the
Andes Mountains.. Ash clouds covered a wide area disrupting air
travel in Buenos Aires covering a third of Argentina. The
volcano then resumed its steady discharge of ash. 5,000 people
had been evacuated, some were forced by court order. |
2008
Russia |
Avachinsky
volcano |
Avachinsky volcano
began volcanic activity with ash eruptions. On May 10th an ash
plume rose 14,000 feet. Together with Koryaksky volcano it is
one of the "Decade Volcanoes" that is being studied and watched
as being likely to cause damage to life and property.
Avachinsky 33Kbc,
16Kbc, 5Kbc,
1737, 1779,
1945, 1991,
2001 & 2008 |
2008
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
As of July seismic
activity contiues at high levals. Due to the structural concerns
about the volcano it is one of the most studied and watched
volcanoes considered probable to cause damages to property and
life.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
2008
Philippeans
|
Mount
Mayon
volcano
2 eruptions |
Mount Mayon erupted on July
14th with a relatively quite flow of lava. Another summit
eruption occurd on August 10th flowing lave down the slopes for
four weeks. Alert levels were decreased for the rest of the
year.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
2008
Russia |
Koryaksky
volcano |
The Koryaksky
Volcano erupted on December 23rd with a loud explosion and
tremors followed on the 24th with a dense ash plume rising 2 1/2
miles into the air and drifting 37 miles northeast then a
smaller less dense plume drifting 87 miles northeast of the
volcano. It together with Avachinsky volcano is one of the
"Decade Volcanoes" that are being studied and watched as being
likely to cause damages to life and property. The volcano is in
close proximity to the city of Petropavlovsk.
Koryaksky 1895, 1956
& 2008 |
| (c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2009 |
2009
Columbia |
Nevado del Huila
volcano |
In January the
Nevado del Huila volcano in southwest Colombia is put on orange
alert; meaning that geologists believe that an eruption is
probable within days or weeks. 800 families are evacuated from
the high risk areas.
It seems seismic activity continues without an eruption and the
alert level is raised to the second-highest level of Orange due
to increased activity in October. A week later during the week
of the 21st to the 27th, 1,004 seismic events were recorded;
keeping the volcano on orange alert.
Nevado del Huila 1500s,
2007,
2008, &
2010 |
2009
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
9
eruptions |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia erupted on February 14th then
again on the 20th. 8000 people were ordered to evacuate amongst
fears a major eruption is in the building. A heavy coat of ash
fell upon the 35,000 populated city of Pasto which is more than
12 miles from the volcano's crater. Two eruption occured on
March 13th with ash falling on nearby towns. Still another
eruption was on September 30th with explosions and a plume that
reached 36,000 feet above the crater. A November 20 eruptions
sent a column of ash nearly 33,000 feet into the air. Other
eruptions total 9 for 2009.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2009
Chile |
Chaitén
volcano
NASA Earth Observatory |
Increased activity of the
Chaitén volcano in southern Chile on February 19th forced the
court ordered evacuation of 250 area residents who had returned
after the 2008 eruption. After nine
months of quiet volcanic activity, in May Chaitén exploded with
a column of smoke and ash, causing earth tremors and rumblings.
Chaitén
7420bc,
2008 & 2009 |
2009
Alaska |
Mount
Redoubt
volcano
4+ eruptions |
Mount Redoubt in Alaska has
began a series of erptions on March 22 shooting ash 45,000 feet
into the sky. An early eruption sending ash 65,000 feet into the
air caused Alaska Airlines to cancell all flights that day.
Three eruptions occured on the 27th sending ash as high as
51,000 feet (Flights were limited).
Mt. Redoubt 1881,
1902, 1922, 1966,
1989 & 2009 |
2009
Congo |
Volcan Nyiragongo
volcano |
An April report
has the Volcan Nyiragongo showing the same signs that preceded
the 1977 and 2004 eruptions. Recurring seismic tremors began in
January. A warning system and evacuation plans were being
coordinated between the Goma, Congo and Gisenyi, Rwanda
governments and the Red Cross. The volcano has an active lava
lake that would send lava flows to the cities should the lake be
breached by an eruption. Nyiragongo is one of several world
volcanoes being studied and watched that are considered likely
an eruption could take place that would cause damage to property
and lives.
Nyiragongo 1844, 1977,
2002, 2009 |
2009
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
A magnitude 5.1
earthquake hit 6 miles west of Ulawun Volcano on May 28th, 2009.
A large quake gives concern to observers as one could trigger a
collapse of the mountain producing another large eruption.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009, 2010 |
2009
Philippines |
Mount
Mayon
volcano |
The active Mount Mayon
volcano in the Philippines oozed lava and belched ash clouds
causing thousands of residents to flee in anticipation of an
exploding eruption. Up to 50,000 were being evacuated. The Mayon
Volcano has erupted 49 times since the first recorded eruption
in 1616.
Mt. Mayon 1616,
1766, 1814, 1825,
1897, 1947,
1984, 1993,
2000, 2001,
2006. 2008 &
2009 |
2009
Italy
Decade Volcano |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna began a
resumption after 4 months of inactivity on November 7th. An
earthquake occured the next day. Mount Etna is a "Decade Volcano,"
one of 16 Volcnic areas being watched as likely to cause damge
to life and property.
Mt. Etna 1800bc,
396bc, 122bc, 40 AD,
1169, 1185, 1669,
1693, 1865,
1928, 1986, 1992,
2001 &
2009 |
| (c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
2010 |
2010
Columbia |
Galeras
volcano
1 continuing |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia erupted on January 2nd. Ash was
sent 39,370 feet into the air. The eruption activity is
continuing. The Galeras is currently the most active volcano in
Colombia.
Galeras 560kBC 1535, 1580,
1989, 1990,
1993,
2000, 2002,
2004, 2005,
2006, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2010
Congo |
Mount
Nyamuragira
volcano |
The most active volcano in
Africa, Mount Nyamuragira in the Democratic Republic of Congo
erupts early on January 2nd. Lava is spewed off from the
southern flank of the mountain. A park warden mistook the blast
for an explosion of war. Mount Nyamuragira has had more than 42
eruptions since 1865. Since 1980 the mountain has averaged one
eruption every two years. No populated areas were threatened.
Mt. Nyamuragira 1865,
1921, 1938, 1971,
1986, 1989, &
2010. |
2010
Columbia |
Nevado del Huila
volcano |
On January 5th the
Alert level for Nevado del Huila volcano in southwest Colombia
is lowered to yellow. The volcano continues to produce whitish
gas plumes and emit sulfur dioxide at various levels peaking at
4,130 tons per day on February 16th.
Nevado del Huila 1500s,
2007,
2008 & 2009 |
2010
Papua New Guinea |
Ulawan
Volcano |
Ash from the
Ulawun Volcano reach a height of 12,000 feet drifting 60 miles
on February 14th and 15th. Due to the structural concerns about
the volcano it continues to be one of the world's most studied
and watched volcanoes considered probable to cause damages to
property and life.
Ulawan 1700, 1878,
1915, 1970,
1980, 2008,
2009 & 2010 |
2010
Chile |
Gaua
Volcano |
An eruption of Gaua Volcano
on February 14th was part of an ongoing eruptive activity that
began on September 16th, 2009, intensifying the eruption on
January 16th. |
1820
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The most recent
recorded eruption of Mount Rainier was between 1820 and 1854.
Many eyewitnesses have reported volcanic activity in 1858, 1870,
1879, 1882, and 1894. |
2010
Washington |
Mount
Rainier
volcano |
Mount Rainier has
been inactive for some time but has been reported to rumble and
put off steam on occassion. Due to the potential for
devastation, Mount Rainier is being watched as a "Decade
Volcano," one of 16 volcanoes most likely to cause damages to life and
property. A major lahar would devatate Enumclaw, Orting, Auburn,
Kent, and Renton. Such a mud flow could reach down the Duwamish
estuary to destroy parts of downtown Seattle. Meteotsunamis in
Puget Sound and Lake Washington could be generated by the mud
flows.
Mount Rainier 840Kbc,
500Kbc, 3000bc,
1470, 1820 &
2010 |
2010
Washington
1 Death |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
On February 20th a hiker posed for a photo at the rim of Mount
Saint Helens crater. The overhanging snow where he was standing
gave way and he fell 1500 feet into the crater. Due to weather
his body was not recovered until two days later. The mountain is
relatively quiet at this time.
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800,
1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
1990, 2004,
2005 & 2008 |
2010
Iceland |
Eyjafjallajökull
volcano
multi-eruptions
|
A series of eruptions of
the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano began on March 21st
with a "Curtain of Fire". On April 7th the Eyjafjöll
volcano in Iceland erupted followed by an eruption on April 14th
spewing smoke and steam causing the evacuation of 700 people. An
ash plume rose 8km above the Eyjafjallajökull
Glacier. Flooding closed roads and caused some structural
damage.
The Eyjafjallajökull
volcano erupted on Sunday, April 18th sending an ash cloud that
caused airlines in Canada and Europe to delay and/or cancell
flights. Trips to the funeral of Poland's President Lech
Kaczynski were cancelled by many world leaders due to the danger
the ash poses to Jet engines. The restrictions cost the airline
industry 200 million dollars each day. The Volcano and Glacier
have also been called Eyjafjöll.
Eyjafjallajökull
1821-23 |
|
(c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
|
Chain-Link Categories
Deadliest -
Most Powerful - VEI 7 -
Climate Changes -
Decade Volcanoes -
Volcano |
Year
Deadliest |
[ Eruptions
causing the
most loss
of Life ] |
Deadliest Eruptions
The deadliest volcanic eruptions on record. Some were based upon
ancient writings.
Deadliest: 79AD, 1169, 1783,
1792,
1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1919 & 1985 |
|
Year |
VEI # - #th
Most Powerful
[ in Historical times ] |
Most Powerful
The Most Powerful volcanic eruptions in historical times (Since
Jesus Christ) as
determined by the Volcanic Explosivity Index.
Most Powerful AD: 79,
1628, 1792, 1815,
1883, 2-1902,
1980, 1985 &
1991 |
Year
VEI - 7 |
[ 4 most
Powerful
Eruptions
known to
man ] |
VEI 7
Four Volcanic Eruptions were assigned a Volcanic Explosivity
Index (VEI) of 7. Including those in ancient times that were
determined by study of the geology around the volcano.
- VEI - 7: 4350bc,
4895bc, 1050 &
1815 |
Year
Climate Changes |
[ Eruptions
That have
effected
changes
to Climate
Patterns ] |
Climate Changes
Eruptions that had emitted large quantities of volcanic
particles that were sent into the atmosphere and had made an
effect on climatic patterns.
There may have been more, These are the ones where climage
change was mentioned.
Climate Changes: 1783-84,
1815 2-1980,
1982 & 1991 |
Year
Decade
Volcanoes |
[ 16
Most
Watched
Volcanoes
Most
Likely
To
Cause
Damage
To
Life
And
Property ] |
Decade
Volcanoes
The following
volcanoes are being studied and watched as the most likely to
cause damages to life and property.
They have been selected as "Decade Volcanos" by the
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the
Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
Avachinsky-Koryaksky - Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia
Colima Volcano - Mexico
Mount Etna - Italy
Galeras Volcano - Colombia
Mauna Loa - Hawaii
Merapi Volcano - Indonesia
Niragongo Volcano - Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mount Rainier - Washington, USA
Sakurajima Volcano - Japan
Santa Maria/Santiaguito Volcano - Guatemala
Santorini Volcano - Greece
Taal Volcano - Philippines
Teide Volcano - Canary Islands, Spain
Ulawun Volcano - Papua New Guinea
Unzen Volcano - Japan
Vesuvius Volcano - Italy
Decade Volcanoes:
840Kbc, 560Kbc,
33Kbc, 79AD,
1006, 1492,
1560, 1628,
1700, 1792,
1800s, 1844, 2-1902,
1911, 1946 &
1984 |
|
Volcano Links |
[ Linking
Eruptions
of a specific
volcano. ] |
Eruption Entries
Volcano - Years of entries. Not all eruptions are given an
entry. (When available all known years of eruption are shown in
the first entry for the Volcano.) The Volcano links are always listed at the
bottom of the entry.
Such as:
Mt. St. Helens 35000,
1480, 1800,
1831, 1842,
1980, 1989,
1990, 2004,
2005 & 2008 |
|
(c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
Glossary
of Volcanic Terms - simplistic definitions.
Andesite 1:a type of magma with silica content that has a
medium consistency producing a chunky lava flow.
Andesite 2: The volcanic rock produced from the andesite
magma.
Basalt 1: A type of magma with low silica content with a
fluid consistency to produce smoth flowing lava flows.
Basalt 2: A dark colored rock produced from the Basalt
magma. Often produces a red or black coloring.
Caldera: The large depression formed by a collapse during
or after an eruption.
Cone: The build up of or pushed up rock and soil to form
the mountain that houses the volcanic caldera and dome.
Debris avalanche: A sudden collapse of volcanic material
that is loosened from the volcano slopes.
Dome: As Magma seeps from the volcano and cools it forms
a dome.
Fissure: A large crack or opening in the ground allowing
magma or gasses to flow or be ejected into the air.
Lahars: volcanic mud flows of water and volcanic
material.
Lava: Magma that reaches earth's surface by flowing or
being blown out into the air.
Magma: Molten material from inside the earth.
Meteotsunami: Large giant waves in a large body of water
created from hurricanes, volcanic eruptions or landslides.
Plume: The cloud of volcanic ash or steam and gasses that
are projected upward during an eruption.
Pyroclastic flow: a surface hugging cloud of extremely
hot gases and volcanic particles that move quickly down and away
from the mountain.
Rhyolite: Magma with a high silica content of light
consitency forming pumice lava or obsidian.
Scoria: A frothy basaltic rock full of small gas bubbles
often with a red or black color.
Silica: Silicon dioxide, the basic makeup of most volcanic
rocks.
Viscosity: The consitency of the magma that allows the
magma to flow. The greater the easier the flow.
(c) 2010 Roger W
Hancock, www.PoetPatriot.com
|
About Volcanoes
- Volcano
Legends
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Safety
Ancient Events - 1700s
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2000 - 2001
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2003
2004 - 2005 - 2006
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2008 - 2009 -
2010
TimeLine of Disaster
Hurricanes
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Earthquakes
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Disaster Safety
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Danger
Safety -
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Earthquake
Safety -
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Safety
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About
the Disasters
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About Hurricanes
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About Earthquakes -
About Tsunamis
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About Volcanoes
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Distaster Legends
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Hurricane Legends
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Earthquake Legends -
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Legends -
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All rights reserved. (c) Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock
Colima
http://www.volcanolive.com/colima.html
The greatest ability in business is to get along with
others and to influence their actions.
- John Hancock, Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Roger W Hancock, Author, Editor, Webmaster
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