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TimeLine of Disaster
Volcanoes |
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Volcano Eruptions - Ancient
BC -
AD
1500-1600-1700s -
19th Century - 1800s
20th Century - 1900s
-
21st Century - 2000s
Glossary
of Volcanic Terms
Categories:
Deadliest -
Most Powerful -
VEI 7 - Climate Change -
Decade Volcanoes -
Vol. Events |
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|
About Volcanoes
- Volcano
Safety -
Volcano
Legends
Hurricanes
-
Earthquakes |
260
Million
BC
China |
Ancient
Eruption |
Scientists have
made calculations that a large magnitude eruption occurred in
southwest China. Studying the geology around a volcano
scientists presume to assign a date. Paleontologist Paul Wignall
of the University of Leeds used marine fossils and other
collected data from the area to date a layer of igneous rock to
a huge eruption 260 years ago. He believes this eruption caused
the mid-Permian extiction of many species all over the earth. |
251
Million
BC |
Ancient
Eruption |
Scientists
believe an expremely large eruption occurred 251 million years.
Referred to as the 'great dying' 96% of marine species were
killed. This eruption is believed to be greater than |
93
Million
BC
Under Sea |
Ancient Undersea
Eruptions |
A scientific
study makes a presumptive conclusion that around 93 million
years ago shifting tectonic plates caused a series of undersea
eruptions. These eruptions emitted large clouds of ash and
gasses choking off the oxygen supply in the oceans. The
assumption is also made that algae, clams, and other sea-life
died sinking to the ocean floor to assist in the creation of the
oil deposits that are harvested to fuel our civilization today. |
12
Million
BC
Idaho, USA |
Ancient
Eruptions |
12 million years
ago a blanket of ash was dropped over a large part of the
Western United States that had been blasted from a volcano in
Idaho. It is this eruption that scientists believe caused the
extinction of many species in North America; among the extinct
were ancient camels, three toed horses and barrel-bellied
rhinos. Fosils of these extinct species have been uncovered at
Ashfall National Park in Nebraska. The archeologists have
determined some died instantly while others slowly suffocated as
their lungs filled with ash. |
2.2 Million
BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruptions |
Scientists have
made educated guesses that Yellowstone has had at least three
major eruptions.
A gigantic exploding eruption 2.2 million years ago produced
2500 cubic kilometers of ash and began forming a caldera. That's
2500 time that of the 1980 ash eruption of Mount Saint Helens.
Yellowstone
2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc,
600Kbc |
1.2 Million
BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruption |
An eruption of
Yellowstone that occured 1.2 million years ago blasted out 280
cubic kilometers of ash.
Yellowstone
2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc,
600Kbc |
840,000 BC
Washington
Decade
Volcano |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The earliest
known lava beds of Mount Rainier are calulated to be from
840,000 years ago. Those earlier lavas helped to form an ancient
"proto-Rainier" (ancestral cone) that existed prior to the cone
that exists today.
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
|
600,000 BC |
Yellowstone
Ancient
Eruption |
The eruption of
Yellowstone 600,000 years ago spewed 3.2 million cubic feet of
ash.
Yellowstone
2.2Mbc,
1.2Mbc,
600Kbc |
560,000
BC
Columbia
Decade
Volcano |
Galeras
volcano |
The Galeras
volcano in southwest Colombia is believed to have been active
for over one million years. Two major caldera-forming events are
thought to have taken place. The first major eruption was
560,000 years ago ejecting some 15 cubic Kilometres of material;
and the second between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago, emitting 2
cubit kilometres of material. Radiocarbon dating places events
at 7050 BC ± 1000 years, 3150 BC ± 200 years, 2580 BC ± 500
years, 1160 BC ± 300 years, 490 BC ± 100 years, and 890 AD ± 200
years.
The Galeras volcano is known to have erupted in the following
years: 1535, 1580, 1616, 1670-1736, 1754-56, 1796-1801,
1823, 1828-34, 1836, 1865-70, 1889, 1891, 1923, 1924-27, 1930?,
1932, 1933?, 1936, 1947?, 1950, 1973?, 1974-1983, 1989,
1990-1992, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2004-2006, 2008-2010
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
500,000 BC
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
The current cone
of Mount Rainier has been calculated to be 500,000 years old.
About that time a great explosive eruption destroyed the
mountain cone and began the building of a new cone; the highly
eroded cone we see today.
See
Volcano Events |
71,000 BC ±
?k Deaths
Indonesia |
Toba
Supereruption |
The Toba
supereruption at Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia occured between
69,000 and 77,000 years ago. 10 million cubic feet of debris was
spewed out. It is the 2nd most powerful eruption discovered by
man. Theory presents that the event caused a 6 to 10 year
volcanic winter that reduced the world's population to between
1000 breeding pairs and 10,000 people. An 8.5 est. quake was
generated by the eruption. |
35,000
BC
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
Mount Saint
Helens is believed to have began its volcanic building 37,000
years ago.
See
Volcano Events |
33,000 BC
Philippeans |
Pinatubo
volcano |
Scientists say
the largest eruption of Pinatubo in the Philippines was 35000
years ago.
See
Volcano Events |
33,000
BC
Russia
Decade
Volcano |
Avachinsky
volcano |
The Avachinsky
volcano is in Russia on the Kamchatka Peninsula and is one of
the area's most active volcanoes. 30 to 40 thousand years ago an
eruption caused a major avalanche leaving it with a
horseshoe-shaped caldera open to the southwest. It is also known
as Avachinskaya Sopka. The Avachinsky volcano is known to have
erupted i the following years 1737, 1779, 1789, 1827, 1828,
1837, 1851, 1854, 1855, 1878, 1881, 1894-95, 1901, 1909,
1926-27, 1938, 1945, 1991, 2001, 2008-
See Decade
Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
16,000
BC
Russia |
Avachinsky
volcano |
18,000 years ago
the Avachinsky volcano erupted with an explosion, pyroclastic
flows and lahars, and emitting short lava flows. This activity
helped to rebuild the caldera that was made into a
horseshoe-shape 17,000 years before.
See
Volcano Events |
|
8500 BC |
Fuji
volcano |
Geologists date Mount
Fuji back to about 8500 BC. Mount Fuji is Fujiyama; both
are english terms. 'Yama' is japanese for mountain, however the
Japanese do not usually put the two together. The Japanese call
Mount Fuju 'Fujisan'. 'San' designates mountain, not to be
confused with the male designation of 'san'.
See
Volcano Events |
7420 BC
Chile |
Chaitén
volcano |
Radiocarbon
dating of material from an older eruption of the Chaitén volcano
in Chile indicates the last previous eruption was in 7420 BC,
according to information from the Global Volcanism Program.
See
Volcano Events |
5000
BC
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
Arenal volcano
in Costa Rica is formed about 7,000 years ago.
See
Volcano Events |
5,000
BC
Russia
|
Avachinsky
volcano |
7,000 years ago
the Avachinsky volcano erupted with an explosion, pyroclastic
flows and lahars, and emitting short lava flows. This eruption
continued rebuilding of the caldera that began 11,000 years
prior.
See
Volcano Events |
4895
BC
Oregon
VEI - 7 |
Crater Lake
volcano |
Crater Lake in
Oregon erupted in about 4895 BC. The Crater Lake volcanic
eruption 6900 years ago is one of four eruptions in the past
10,000 years to have been assigned a Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
See VEI-7 Eruptions |
4350
BC
Japan
VEI - 7 |
Kikai
volcano |
Kikai volcano in
Japan erupted in about 4350 BC. That eruption of Kikai volcano
is one of four eruptions in the past 10,000 years to have been
assigned a Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
See VEI-7 Eruptions |
3,000 BC
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
Mount Rainier
was substantially larger, at 16,000 feet, than the 14,100 foot
height of today. A major eruption about 5,000 years ago caused a
melting of glacier ice causing massive lahars that reached all
the way to Puget Sound. In one eruption about that time a chuck
of the mountain slid lowering its height and creating the
massive Osceola Mudflow that reached from south Seattle to the
Tacoma Tide Flats. The author lives about half way between the
two cities.
See
Volcano Events |
1800s
BC
Italy
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
The first record
of an eruption of Mount Etna in Italy was in the 19th century
BC. Mount Etna erupted in the following years:
2006-09, 2004-05, 2002-03, 1994-2001, 1993, 1993, 1991-93,
1990-92, 1989-90, 1989, 1988-89, 1987, 1986-87, 1984-86, 1984,
1983, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1980, 1980, 1979-92, 1971-79, 1966-71,
1959-64, 1959, 1958, 1957-58, 1957, 1955-56, 1953?, 1951-52,
1950-51, 1949-50, 1947, 1947, 1946, 1945, 1942-44, 1942,
1940-42, 1935-39, 1934, 1931-33, 1930, 1929, 1928, 1928, 1926,
1924-25, 1923-24, 1923, 1919-23, 1918, 1918, 1917, 1913-17,
1912, 1911, 1911, 1910-11, 1910, 1908-09, 1908, 1899-1907, 1899,
1893-98, 1892, 1892, 1891, 1886, 1884-85, 1883, 1879, 1878-83,
1874, 1874, 1869, 1868, 1865, 1864, 1863, 1857, 1852-53, 1843,
1842, 1838-39, 1833, 1832, 1828-32, 1827, 1822, 1819, 1816?,
1811-12, 1810, 1809, 1803-09, 1802, 1797-1801, 1792-93, 1792,
1791, 1787, 1781, 1780, 1776, 1770?, 1767, 1766, 1764-65, 1763,
1763, 1758-59, 1755, 1752-58, 1747-49, 1744-45, 1735-36,
1732-33, 1723-24, 1702, 1693-94, 1693?, 1689, 1688, 1682, 1669,
1654-56?, 1651-53, 1646-47, 1643, 1634-38, 1633?, 1614-24, 1610,
1603-10, 1595?, 1579-80?, 1566, 1554?, 1541, 1540, 1537, 1536,
1494?, 1447, 1446, 1444, 1408, 1381?, 1350, 1333, 1329, 1329,
1284-85, 1250, 1222, 1194, 1169?, 1164, 1160, 1157, 1063, 1044?,
1004?, 911?, 859?, 814?, 812?, 644?, 417?, 252?, 80?, 39, 10, 10
BC, 32 BC, 36 BC, 44 BC, 49 BC, 56 BC, 61 BC, 122 BC, 126 BC,
135 BC, 141 BC, 350 BC, 396 BC?, 425-24 BC? 479-76 BC?, 565 BC?,
695, 735 BC?, 1500 BC.
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
1645 BC
Italy |
Santorini
volcano |
The Santorini
volcano erupted in 1645 BC, 3655 years ago. The Minoan town of
Akrotiri killed all the people leaving the buildings, artwork,
and winding roads preserved. Some scientist conjecture that some
of the early myths may have been inspired by this eruption. One
such myth is Plato's tale of the lost city, Atlantis.
Epidemoligist John Marr has hypothised the 'ten plagues of
Egypt' in the Bible may have been inspired by the disaster
caused by the volcano's fallout poisoning the water supplies.
See
Volcano Events |
900.BC
+150
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan
Arenal in Costa Rica erupted within 150 years of 900 BC.
See
Volcano Events |
396 BC
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna
erupted in 396 BC causing the Carthaginians to abandon an
advance on Syracuse during the First Sicilian War.
See
Volcano Events |
122 BC
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna
erupted in 122 BC dumping massive amounts of ash collapsing
roofs in Catania. To help in the rebuilding the Roman government
gave a ten year exemption of taxes for the citizens of Catania.
Roman records chronicle the event saying a large eruption caused
heavy lapilli fall in Catania and the sun was blocked for days.
See
Volcano Events |
|
© 2005, 2010 Roger W Hancock,
www.PoetPatriot.com |
|
BC & AD Demarcation
- Before
Christ &
Anno
Domini (Latin: 'Year
of our Lord' for the current era) |
40 AD
Italy |
Mount Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna
erupted in 40 AD destroying Catania.
See
Volcano Events |
79
AD
Italy
7th Deadly
10k Deaths
1st Record
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Vesuvius
VEI 5 -
6th
Most Powerful |
Mount Vesuvius
in Italy erupted on August 24th, 79 AD burying the towns of
Herculaneum and Pompeii. The first recorded eruption; Plinius
(Pliny?) the Older one had observed the eruption and wrote down
all the aspects in detail. Estimates are that 3,360 to 10,000
people perished in the flows and falls of ash. This eruption of
Mount Vesuvius was the 7th deadliest and 6th most powerful
eruption in historical times with a Volcanic Explosivity Index
of 5 with 7 being the most powerful of known eruptions. Other
recorded eruptions of Mount Vesuvius are 1631, 1660, 1682, 1694,
1698, 1707, 1737, 1760, 1767, 1779, 1794, 1822, 1834, 1839,
1850, 1855, 1861, 1868, 1872, 1906, 1926, 1929, and 1944.
See
Deadliest
Eruptions
See Most Powerful
Recorded Eruptions
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
220.AD
+75
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
The Volcan
Arenal erupted within 75 years of 220.
See
Volcano Events |
260 AD
El Salvador |
Ilopango
Calderon
volcano |
The Ilopango
Caldera is east of San Salvador in El Salvador. The last real
activity was around 260 AD. No present activity is evident other
than the local fishermen occasionally finding large numbers of
fish dying, accompanied by a sulfur smell. |
1006
Indonesia
Decade
Volcano |
Mount
Merapi
volcano |
Mount Merapi in
Indonesia erupted with destruction so bad the governing Hindu
kingdom was destroyed allowing the Muslim take-over of the
island.
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
1050
China -
Korea
VEI - 7 |
Baitoushan
volcano |
Baitoushan
volcano on the China-Korea border erupted in about 1050. The
eruption in 1050 of the Baitoushan volcano is one of four
eruptions in the past 10,000 years to have been assigned a
Volcanic Explosivity of 7.
See VEI-7 Eruptions |
1080.+50
Costa Rica |
Volcan
Arenal |
Costa Rica's
Volcan Arenal erupted approximately in the late 1000s.
See
Volcano Events |
1104
Iceland |
Mount
Hekla
Volcano |
Mount Hekla has
had many eruptions with the first known to have been in 1104.
Hekla erupted covering much of its flanks and was the largest
eruption in Iceland's recorded history.
See
Volcano Events |
1169
Italy
6th Deadly
15k Deaths |
Mount
Etna
volcano |
Mount Etna in
Italy erupts killing 15,000 people in one of the most disastrous
eruptions. This eruption of Mount Etna is the 6th deadliest
eruption in recorded History.
See
Deadliest
Eruptions
See
Volcano Events |
1185
Italy
|
Mount
Etna
volcano |
An 1185 eruption of Mount
Etna killed 10,000 people.
See
Volcano Events |
1470+10
Washington |
Mount Rainier
volcano |
An eruption of
Mount Rainier about 540 years ago caused the Electron Mudflow;
large but not as massive as the Osceola Mudflow.
See
Volcano Events |
1480+30
Washington |
Mount
Saint Helens
volcano |
Geological
caculations has it that Saint Helens ended a 700 year period of
dormancy in 1480 with an eruption of pumice and ash that was
several times greater than the 1980 eruption. Another eruption
in 1482 rivaled the 1980 eruption when Ash and pumice piled up 3
feet for 6 miles. The next 150 year period had various forms of
volcanic activity that ended about 1647 allowing a 150 year
quiet that ended with the 1800 eruption.
See
Volcano Events |
1492
Spain
Decade
Volcano |
Teide
Volcano |
Spain's Teide
Volcano stands 24,600 feet from its base as the highest peak
inthe Atlantic Ocean. The volcano's history has affected
populated areas. A Teid eruption was observed in 1492 by
Christopher Columbus in the Canary Islands prior to the first
voyage to discover the New World. Teide has erupted in the
following years: 1341?, 1396, 1430, 1444?, 1492, 1704-05, 1706,
1798 & 1909
See
Decade Volcanoes
See
Volcano Events |
|
|
Volcano Eruptions - Ancient
BC -
AD
1500-1600-1700s -
19th Century - 1800s
20th Century - 1900s
-
21st Century - 2000s
Glossary
of Volcanic Terms
Categories:
Deadliest -
Most Powerful -
VEI 7 - Climate Change -
Decade Volcanoes -
Vol. Events |
|
|
---------
TimeLines of Disaster
---------
Hurricanes
-
Earthquakes - Tsunamis -
Volcanoes
---------
Disaster Safety
---------
Danger
Safety -
Hurricane Safety -
Volcano
Safety -
Earthquake
Safety -
Tsunami
Safety
-----
About the Disasters
-----
About
Hurricanes -
About Volcanoes
-
About Earthquakes -
About
Tsunamis
-------
Distaster Legends
-------
Hurricane Legends -
Volcano Legends
-
Earthquake Legends -
Tsunami
Legends |
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All rights reserved. © Copyright 2005 Roger W Hancock
Colima
http://www.volcanolive.com/colima.html
The greatest ability in business is to get along with
others and to influence their actions.
- John Hancock, Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Roger W Hancock, Author, Editor, Webmaster
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